Parents Responsible for Childhood Obesity Essay

â€Å"Parental behavioral patterns concerning shopping, cooking, eating and exercise have an important influence on a child’s energy, balance and ultimately their weight† said diet specialist, Anne Collins (â€Å"Childhood Obesity Facts†). Childhood obesity has more than tripled since the 1980’s (â€Å"Childhood Obesity Facts†). Childhood obesity often leads to obesity as an adult which can put a person at greater risks dealing with the heart, diabetes, and many other obese related diseases. People want to blame the schools and today’s technology for childhood obesity, in reality, the responsibility lies in the hands of their parents. Parents are at fault for childhood obesity. The job of a parent is to teach a child wrong from right, including their eating habits, physical activity, and their overall self-control. If a child has no guidance or sense of direction to what to eat or not to eat and the correct amount of physical activity needed, that child will have more difficulty carrying out the practices of it throughout their childhood and into their adulthood. Schools encourage and teach students health of one’s body, but the child needs to be raised by making the right decisions inside and outside of the home. Throughout early childhood, the parents are essential source of children’s food, supplying well balanced meals, encouraging consumption of a wide range of food, restraining access to sugary and high fat foods will help prevent unhealthy weight accumulation (Tackling Childhood Obesity-Who’s Responsibility is it?†). â€Å"Healthy lifestyle habits- healthy eating and physical activity can lower the risk of becoming obese and developing related diseases† (â€Å"Childhood Obesity Facts†). If a child doe not learn the right ways to eat and exercise, the child will have to put more effort into breaking the old habits. â€Å"Parent heavily influence their children’s diet and physical activity habits, and therefore, have an important role in determining whether or not their children experience unhealthy weight gain,† said professor Marie Murphy (â€Å"Tackling Childhood Obesity-Who’s Responsibility is it?†). Parents need to realize that they are putting their own children’s lives at jeopardy by making them more likely to develop diseases later in life. In today’s society, technology has played a big role in everyone’s lives and has taken over. Kids today stay inside and play on the computer, watch TV, play video games, or mess with tablets and smartphones. Several people find other, more entertaining things to do than play outside and be active. Some of the times, physical education in schools is the only physical activity students have on a daily basis (â€Å"Obesity†). Kids and teenagers would much rather be wrapped up in a social network than going for a job or going to the gym. Back in the day, playing outside was one of the few entertainments. Parents have no discipline and let their children do what they want to their bodies. Technology has caused people to be less active and not as self-controlled causing them to be obese or overweight later in life. â€Å"Children and adolescents who are obese are more likely to be obese as adults, putting them more at risk for heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, types of cancers, osteoarthritis, bone and joint problems, sleep apnea, increases risk for many types of cancer including breast, colon, endometrium, esophagus, kidney, pancreas, gall bladder, thyroid, ovary, cervix, and prostate† (â€Å"Childhood Obesity Facts†). A person can increase the risk of getting several diseases if having bad eating habits, exercise habits, and lack of self-control. Lowering the risk of all diseases can be as simple as taking care of the body. A person must practice good habits before doing so though. Parents are increasing the risk of these diseases by not teaching a child how to properly take care of their body. â€Å"One USDA study found that kids consuming school lunch regularly were more likely to be overweight† (â€Å"Childhood Obesity: Are Schools Responsible?†). If a child knows how to make the right decision in what to eat and what is the best for them, it should not matter where they are. Schools have to supply healthy foods. Healthy food items are available for everyone, so you cannot blame the schools. Cafeterias sell a la carte snack items and serve lunches which are, arguably, not nutritionally sound (â€Å"Childhood Obesity: Are Schools Responsible?†). Just because a school puts out unhealthy items and advertises them does not mean you have to buy and consume the item. The reason schools have them out is because people continue to buy them. Kids and teenagers are only at school for one, maybe two meals out of the day. The majority of meals happen outside of school, inside the home. Parents just do not want to take the blame for making their kids fat so they blame schools for not teaching them how to take care of their body correctly. Parents are at fault for the obesity of children. Teaching right habits can make for a long living healthy lifestyle. If you raise a child on good habits, it will not be hard for them to follow in the same footsteps and continue that lifestyle into their adulthood.

Concept Analysis: Mentoring Nurse Managers

Mentoring is a multidimensional relationship that energizes personal and professional growth (Wagner and Seymour, 2007). The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of mentoring and the key role it plays in the development of nurse managers. Introduction Over the past 20 years the concept of mentoring has grown more popular in our workplaces. Many public service organizations, as well as, corporations have developed formal mentoring programs for both management and staff for the purpose of improving overall operations, productivity and overall commitment to the organizations goals. Mentoring is now being recognized in nursing and other healthcare fields. This concept analysis will attempt to clearly define the concept mentoring while differentiating it from precepting and clinical supervision. Finally, this article will discuss the importance of a mentoring program designed for developing managers. Definition While searching the literature, many articles regarding mentoring can be found in business and management journals but few are found in nursing and medical journals. In the nursing and medical journals the concept of mentoring appears murky. In some cases the terms mentoring, precepting and clinical supervision are used interchangeably. This leads to confusion and inaccuracy. The word mentor dates back to Greek Mythology. Mentor was a friend of Odysseus entrusted with the education of Odysseus’ son Telemachus. The Webster dictionary defines mentor as a trusted and wise counselor or guide, a tutor or coach (Give, 1966). Other definitions include, â€Å"a learning relationship†, â€Å"a critical companionship† and a process in which two or more people create a connection in a safe environment that allows healing truth and wisdom to be discovered (Wagner and Seymour, 2007). For the purposes of this paper we will use the following definition: Mentoring occurs when a senior person in terms of experience not necessarily age provides information, advice and emotional support for the mentee or protà ©gà © in a relationship lasting over an extended period of time and marked by emotional commitment by both parties. If the opportunity presents itself the mentor uses both formal and informal forms of influence to further the career path of the protà ©gà ©. (Bowen, 1985) The mentoring process consists of four steps: initiation, cultivation, separation and redefinition (Kram, 1983). The first stage involves the mentor and the mentee becoming acquainted and setting goals. During the cultivation stage, information is shared, problem solving, decisions and exploration of alternatives occur. During the separation stage, the mentee is empowered to move towards their goal and enhance their career path. In the final stage of redefinition, the mentor/mentee relationship evolves to a mutual friendship or the relationship is terminated. (Wagner and Seymour, 2007) As stated earlier mentoring should not be confused with the terms preceptor and clinical supervision. Clinical supervision is defined as the process whereby a practitioner reviews with another person his ongoing clinical work and relevant aspects of his own reactions to that work. It is also defines as a practice focused professional relationship involving a practitioner reflecting on practice while guided by a supervisor. (Lyth, 2000) Clinical supervision focuses on an individual situation. Once the goal is reached the process is complete. Precepting is defined as teaching job responsibilities and related tasks (Grossman, 2009). The precepting relationship is similar to that of a teacher and student. Once the task is learned sufficiently, the relationship ends. The precepting relationship is time limited in that the task must be learned within a certain timeframe. Attributes of Mentoring Walker and Avant define this step of concept analysis as showing the cluster of attributes most frequently associated with the concept (Walker and Avant, 2005). Some of the common attributes involved in mentoring are caring, self reflection, confidence and knowledge. In the literature search caring is addressed in every mentoring article I read. Every successful mentor/mentee relationship has a caring base. Consider Watson’s Theory of Human Caring, in the caring moment the caregiver and the cared – for share on a personal level and create a mutual opportunity for learning from each other (Watson, 1999). This statement mirrors the definition of mentoring. Self reflection is the process in which someone stops to re evaluate a situation or action after the occurrence of an event. This is done for the purposes of learning, self growth and self improvement. A good mentor realizes that during the process they too will learn a great deal. Confidence is believing in yourself and your abilities even in the face of adversity. A good mentor does not fear teaching or sharing information. Succession planning is not a threat, but rather, the opportunity to continue their work and legacy in the organization after retirement (Tagnes, Dumont, Rawlinson and Byrd, 2009) Finally, the mentor must possess mastery of knowledge in their area of expertise. If the mentor has no knowledge or information to share, the process cannot start. Antecedents Antecedents are those events or incidents that must occur prior to the occurrence of the concept (Walker and Avant, 2005). Two crucial antecedents to mentoring are the mentor and the mentee or protà ©gà ©. Without either party, the concept will not exist. The other critical antecedent is the mentor must possess knowledge and skills to be shared. Effective communication skills and interpersonal skills are also necessary. If adequate communication cannot occur, the mentoring relationship cannot develop. The mentor and mentee must also be committed to devoting time to the process. If there is no available time, the mentoring process cannot begin. Consequences Consequences are those events that result from the occurrence of the concept (Walker and Avant, 2005). Successful mentoring programs benefit an organization by: increasing retention, reducing turnover costs, improving productivity and enhancing professional development. Creating a mentoring culture continuously promotes individual and employee growth and development (Foster, 2008). Model Case Example Sally is a new nurse manager. During her orientation process, Paulette is her assigned preceptor. Paulette has been with the organization many years and has over 15 year’s management experience. She voluntarily offers her services as a mentor to many new managers. After meeting and discussing goals, they decide Sally needs assistance understanding the various roles of people in the organization and how their roles interact with one another. Paulette takes Sally with her to meet the various employees. She schedules luncheons and meetings with various departments so Sally can better understand their roles. She also brings Sally to the administrative meetings as well as the administrative picnic to learn how decisions are made. Sally is encouraged to voice ideas and concerns in these various sessions. Her input is well received. After approximately 6 months Sally now has a sense of confidence and feels comfortable handling many of the day to day situations presented to her. Although the formal mentoring program is complete, Sally still meets with Paulette every few weeks to discuss life and feels comfortable calling her for advice. Paulette also calls Sally from time to time for her opinion regarding situations. This example sites all of the necessary qualities for a positive mentor/mentee relationship. Illegitimate Case Model As Kim started her role as a manager, the administrator assigned her worthwhile and appropriate assignments and tasks to perform. She had the opportunity to attend a multitude of meeting and had some contact with the major staff. However, she was never invited to listen to informal conference calls or side meetings where all of the major decisions were made. She was not involved in the development of changes. She was however, told what need to be done by her administrator. She was not informed of any history behind decision making strategies. The administrator in this situation served as a preceptor not a mentor. She only took the time to teach tasks and failed to elicit input or encourage professional growth. Conclusion Mentoring is a multidimensional process that can be learned over time. It requires reflection, knowledge of self and profession, knowledge of mentoring process and skills, communication and social skills, practice and support (Vance, 2002). Qualities of a good mentor include: commitment, honesty, compassion, personal/professional ethics, expertise, energy, creativity, effective interpersonal and communication skills (Kappel, 2008). A good mentor is passionate about her work and is committed to helping the mentee successfully meet their goals. Communication between the mentor and mentee is open and honest in a positive caring environment for success to occur. A good mentor creates opportunities and opens doors. Mentors know your strengths and abilities. They do not set you up for failure. Mentors set an example through both their words and actions. Mentors want you to succeed and help you learn from your mistakes. Mentors want you to become independent. Mentoring nurse managers is crucial to the success and survival of nurses. The nursing profession is continually working to recruit more people into the field. Nurse retention can improve under the supervision of visionary nurse leaders because the environment created by their leadership is directly related to the success in retaining nurses (Colonghi, 2009). Nurse Managers need seasoned mentors to guide and nurture them to their full potential which promotes a supportive environment and give them the endurance to survive in difficult times. The mood, attitudes and examples set by the nurse manager set the tone and attitudes of the staff.

Benefits And Opportunities For Business Using Internet Marketing

Benefits And Opportunities For Business Using Internet Marketing The website helps businesses to communicate- for example customers can fill in questionnaires or surveys about the website or store this helps the business to improve. Customers can easily go on website to make queries or enquiries, for example on the B&Q website when you click on ‘Contact Us’ and then click on the ‘Enquiries’ this shows you the another link that has a test of ‘General Enquiry.’ When you click on ‘General Enquiry’ the site gives you a webpage and customers can easily fill in a quick Enquiry form- that has the Title, Name, Address, etc also a box that you can fill in Enquiry details. When the customer is done filling in the Enquiry Form the customer can click on ‘Submit.’ This is good for the B&Q because you get quick feedback due to it being quicker than customer writing a letter (Serve- Add Value and Save- Save Costs). Easier to promote their products- especially when B&Q products are on Special Offer s, Sales, for Example B&Q on their homepage has ‘The Half Price Sale,’ ‘15% Off Everything from 26th to 30th January 2010 in Stores only’ ‘15% Off Selected Switches and Sockets,’ ‘50% of Selected Power Tools,’ ‘20% Off Selected Heating More Lines Added.’ This is an advantage for the business because it helps them to promote their customers and non-customers. Those who do not have the time to travel to B &Q or those who are not aware about their products in store and the Sales (Save- Save Costs and Sizzle- Extend the brand online). More frequent individualised communications to build relationship- When customers have an account with B&Q, the business send emails of deals, promotions and products consumers may be interested in. This is benefit to B&Q for the reason that it promotes their products to gain one-to-one relationship (Relationship deepening), increase their sales and avoids their customers going to their compe titors. Opportunities for Product Development Use of Internet Information to Identify Product Development- this is a benefit to B&Q because they can also use the Internet to gather information about the customers’ views and perceptions about their websites, their products and improvements the company could make. This is an advantage for B&Q given that it would help them to satisfy their customer and get new customers too plus it would be much cheaper and save time for B&Q to carry this online then to pay loads money to their staff who would have to go to the high street and ask these same questions to people or the staff goes in the B&Q store to ask their customers but most people may not want to be stopped in store, since they prefer just to shop around. Ability to link traditional methods with online marketing (‘bricks and clicks’) – this is again great B&Q because it enables them to promote their products online and offline. Plus it helps to generate sa les due to the fact that customers could order a product online that may not be in stock (Sell- Grow Sales). This is an advantage since the business can promote to those who do not shop in stores (online customers).

Tradition and innovation in the Handscroll, in Beijing, 2008 Essay

Tradition and innovation in the Handscroll, in Beijing, 2008 - Essay Example To be specific, Zhang Yimou did not try to discard traditionalism, but linked the same with new technology by allowing modern technology to enter the realm of traditional art. Similarly, the electronic Handscroll is symbolic of the transformation of general views on art and its connection with time element because the artist tries to link the unknown past with present. Besides, the artist provides ample importance to the entertainment value of the electronic Handscroll because he needs to satisfy the domestic and internationals viewers in general. Thesis statement: The research on the amalgamation of tradition and innovation in the Handscroll, in Beijing, 2008 proves that traditional Chinese art accepts modern technology the same sheds light into the rich traditional Handscroll art in China, new technologies change people’s way of creating art by motivating domestic companies to develop core technologies, and it transforms the general view on art by connecting unknown past and present in general (special references to the electronic Handscroll created by Zhang Yimou and its relationship with traditional Chinese art). This section is broadly divides into: Traditional Handscroll art in China and modern technology, New technologies and change people’s way of creating art, and The transformation of general views on art and its connection with unknown past and the present. One can see that the handscroll art in China is interconnected with the Chinese way of presenting traditional paintings. For instance, a handscroll will be in the form of a lengthy scroll consisting of paintings and the Chinese calligraphy. Besides, this sort of scrolls is not for formal display, but to spread on a flat surface and to enjoy the landscape painted on the same. Maxwell K. Hearn stated that, â€Å"To â€Å"read† a Chinese painting is to enter into a dialogue with the past; the

Interwar Period Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interwar Period - Dissertation Example The women of Russia were beginning to ask for equality, they wanted the government to appreciate them, and by 1921 women in Russia were once again demanding the government provide them with more bread, as times continued to be rough during the transitional period. However, regardless of whether all of the ideas regarding women were fully realized, the ideas themselves still proved to be radical and influential. Throughout 1917 to 1920, Lenin proclaimed that he sought to provide women with the equality they deserved from the efforts they made during the October revolution. He made his opinion known that, through socialism, the classes would become equal and, as a result, the sexes would as well. Although there were small steps made in creating the equality of women that he spoke about, there were large leaps made in ideology that presented a view of gender equality that remains revolutionary for the time and a model for women’s rights movements.

Case #5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case #5 - Essay Example This entails a thorough scrutiny of the subject of interconnection of computers, which facilitates flow of computer data from point to another via a well-designed set of network protocols. A significant set of sub topics have been considered for this agenda. This is to ascertain that they add great value to the final objective of this training session, which is to enhance employee knowledge of key notions behind data communication (Banzal 18). The top sub topic is definition of computer networks. In simple terms, computer networks refer to the interconnection of computers over the internet to facilitate sharing of data from one computer to another. Computer networks are of great importance to an organization in that they play a huge role in ensuring that there is a quality information-sharing platform among staff members. The second sub topic is data communication, which entails electronic transmission of computer data from one point (source) to another (destination). In essence, data communication acts as the building to enhancing the quality of the day-to-day business operations of an organization (Banzal 102). Thirdly, it is on the subject of importance of computer networks. As stipulated earlier, computer networks are of great importance to the operations of an organization. This is because they play a very important role in the delivery of fast, accurate and secure sharing of organizational data amongst the staff members. Consequently, it creates a quality platform for coming up and sharing of sound business decisions. Types of computer networks is the fourth sub topic. To be exact, there are many types of computer network in use in most successful organizations. These include the LAN, WAN, MAN, WLAN, SAN, PAN and VPN. LAN stands for Local Area Network, WAN IS Wide Area Network, MAN is Metropolitan Area Network, WLAN is Wireless Local Area Network, SAN is Storage Area Network while VPN refers to a Virtual Private

Midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Midterm - Essay Example In this case, laptop is the product being offered to consumers in the market. The manufacturing of this design of laptops should include all the features available in the market together with other new ones that have been designed by the firm. Secondly, place is an element that encompasses a collection of all strategic choices which pertains to either accessibility or convenience of the products offered to the consumer (Tyagi and Arun 27). Places encompass making the products being offered available to the target consumers at the location and time they prefer. After the laptops have been manufactured, the marketers should make use of the available channels of distribution to avail them to the consumer. Price of the product measures the actual product’s value to consumers. Charging a high price for the particular type of laptop suggests the quality of the product and the status of the consumer who buys it. Price affects consumer choices, especially when the product is being introduced in a new target market. This is mainly because most consumers in this target market will make their choices based on the cost of the products. Finally, promotion entails the use of tools such as advertisement, personal selling, sales promotion and public relations that the marketer of a product uses when communicating the product’s benefits to the consumer with the aim of convincing them to buy the products they are offering in the target market (Tyagi and Arun 58). Marketers must clearly describe the features and specifications of the laptops t hey are selling in order to influence the consumers’ choices. Personal motivations and the role played by people’s perceptions vary from one person to another. This because different people forms different individual opinions regarding the stimuli they receive. People continuously receive messages through their five senses. Using of these senses in stimulating the consumers to test

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, a Shared Faith Assignment

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, a Shared Faith - Assignment Example If not for lesser details of greater complications, these religions would be precisely the same. What a unified body of worshippers that would make! But there are discrepancies even among fellow believers. This paper is not about these discrepancies, but about the relative philosophies among believers of these three separate yet united religions. Judaism, Christianity and Islam have been intertwined throughout history by the certain commonality they share in theology, all three are monotheistic (believing in one God) and conceive God to be the Creator and also the source of moral law. The same figures, histories and places are prevalent in each, although they are frequently presented with different roles, perspectives and meanings. 54% of the world’s population consider themselves of the Abrahamic religion. These religions share the collective belief that Adam was the first man created and ancestor of all human beings, Abraham is a prophet and the Torah (which is comprised of the first five books of the old-testament) as being a revelation of God. The holy scripture Jews read is called the Tanach, which is the Torah. Christians study The Holy Bible, both the old and new testaments. And the Muslims follow the Quar’an. All three of these works cover the first 5 old testaments, and the lessons of such prophets as Abraham, Isaac, Ishmael, Noah, and the list goes on. The fact these religions are monotheistic is the most significant unity between them. In Judaism and Islam, the monotheism of God is absolute including of God’s essence. In Christianity there is a doctrine titled Trinity which says that God exists as 3 persons: Father, Son and Holy Spirit united in one being. Christians believe Jesus is God, Jews and Muslims deny this stating that God is too powerful to be reduced to a man that has such needs as eating and sleeping, and who could be beaten, and experience death as Jesus did. They attest that no savior is needed or available as an in termediary for us. Islam regards Jesus not as God, but only a human being that became a magnificent messenger of God, and was God’s word brought to Earth. Jews not only deny Jesus as God but as a prophet as well believing the true messiah the word promises has not come yet, but will arrive at a future place in time. Just as Jews refuse Jesus, so too do many Jews and Christians refuse Muhammad, a prophet singular to Islam religion, visited by the angel Gabriel who brought the final message of God to Earth. Christians share with Muslims the belief in the second coming of Jesus, yet they are split in this joint notion as Christians believe this will be the time of rapture and the final judgment day and Muslims believe Jesus coming will be only to kill the false messiah and restore God’s people once again leading them through this treacherous time. Jesus will rule and then die forty years after leaving behind him a world cleaned and restored to true religion, the religion of Islam. Aside from monotheism, some other mutual views of God these religions hold are that God will reward the good and punish the wicked, God knows the thoughts and deeds of men, the dead will be resurrected, and a personal relationship with God is within everyone’s grasp. We can return to God always through repentance, perfection is not expected of His creation. Following God’s commandments in this physical world connects us to God spiritually and our mission on Earth is to proclaim the glory of God and His existence everywhere. All three religions maintain that life is a test and we will all be judged by God after death since He

Lack of Universal Healthcare amongst people of Low Socioeconomic Essay

Lack of Universal Healthcare amongst people of Low Socioeconomic Status - Essay Example The situation has not changed since then. Pappas et al. has found that between 1960 and 1986, the gap between the mortality of people coming from low financial status and high financial status had increased a lot (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.8). It was also found that as the income increases, the mortality rate decreases (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.8). This makes it very clear that vulnerability to diseases and mortality of a person strongly depends on his financial status (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.8). People in adult age group coming from lower income families suffer from poor health five times more than the people coming from high income families (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.5). The sad thing is that, this situation applies even in case of children. Cohen et al. found that children belonging to lower SES families are more likely to develop health problems like â€Å"injury, asthma, ear diseases, physical inactivity etc.†, than the children from higher SES families (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.9). One of the main factors for this difference is the environment. Environmental Hazards It has been found that the toxic waste of the different nature is dumped in areas where people from lower SES live (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.12). These people are exposed to environmental hazards and they lack the resources to fight these hazards (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.12). Moreover, people living in the lower SES communities follow unhealthy lifestyle as they are addicted to junk food, smoking, drugs and physical lethargy (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.12). Also, the number of people who smoke is very large in the lower SES communities. This affects not only the health of people who smoke but also the health of their children and their neighbors...This paper presents the study of the background and the researches regarding the health disparity due to lower socioeconomic status. Every nation should try to provide equal treatment and opportunities to its people, regardless of their backgro und and socioeconomic status. As it is a birthright of every human being to enjoy health care facilities provided by the government and the health sectors. Living a healthy life is not only beneficial for personal life but is also important for healthy growth of the nation. The health disparity is also the result of the increase in the inequality level of the income in last thirty years. This disparity in the income level has severely distorted the equal distribution of health and social resources. In today’s world, where every little problem of human beings is solved with the help of innovative ideas and technology, the helpless situation experienced by people with lower SES is a blot on human. Health disparity occurs when certain groups of people do not get access to the available health resources due to their disadvantageous social or personal status. For example, people belonging to lower SES do not get proper and easy access to health screening, treatment options, culturally knowledgeable staff personnel, information on health benefits etc. The only way to eradicate the disparity in health care for people coming from lower SES is to provide them with adequate environmental facilities along with health care programs. However, what is most important is to make them feel cared for.

Analyze Abbott Laboratory's strategic response to compulsory licensing Article

Analyze Abbott Laboratory's strategic response to compulsory licensing - Article Example Abbott laboratory strategically responded to compulsory licensing by publicly announcing that it is going to withdraw the pending applications for selling current medicines in Thailand. Applications for seven medicines were withdrawn by Abbott. The medicines which Abbott withdrew their applications were Aluvia, Brufen, Abbotic, Clivarine, Humira, Tarka and Zemplar. It decided not to introduce new drugs in Thailand since the actions displayed by Thailand’s government did not respect patents. Several advantages and disadvantages can be associated with abbot laboratory’s strategic response to compulsory licensing (Baron, 2008). Strategic response employed by Abbot Laboratory proved to be advantageous since it created room for negotiation. Abbott’s strategic response made Thailand government to realize how important the organization is in pharmaceutical industry. Its strategic response made Thailand government to raise several complaints. This therefore made world health organization to intervene and discussed with Abbott on how to market its products in developing countries, including Thailand. Abbott’s strategic response also had some weaknesses. The response had a serious effect on patients. It deprived innocent individuals who seriously required lifesaving drugs. The strategic response also showed that Abbott laboratory lacks social responsibility and only mind about maximizing its profits. From the discussion, it is clear that Thailand easily issued compulsory licensing for Abbott laboratory product, causing the organization to angrily react. Abbott angrily reacted to the action by stopping introducing new medicines in Thailand. This strategic response created room for negotiation and caused serious effects on patients and company’s

Ethical dilemma Essay Example for Free

Ethical dilemma Essay Two summers ago, my friend Anne became depressed. Her depression was guided by something solemn, mysterious, and in its own way, terrifying. Fearing that I would catch it too, that contagion of morose misery and unrelenting disturbance. I stood away. Most of her friends also stood away as Anne seemed to lose sight of that which mattered to her before she retreated into the shadows. Previously a girl who exuded such harmony and light, incredibly warm, friendly, and sociable. Anne faced the world with a confident optimism and it seemed that nothing could disturb someone with such strong equanimity and social grace. I, and many others standing aside, observed with sorrow as the person we used to know so well and love so well transformed. Anne, in her blue t-shirt and faded jeans, became a hesitant, anxious, aggressively nervous person who brushed her hair endlessly with her fingers and mumbled out phrases whenever she made a feeble effort to make conversation. While I guessed but never inquired due to my protective cowardice, fate eventually took my hand and it all came to a crisis after one phone call. In late August I was brushing my teeth when I heard my phone ring, and with toothpaste in my mouth, I ran to catch the call. It was Anne. She spoke with agitation and fumbled with the lines she seemed to have crafted hours ago in preparation for this. She finally told me in a tired and tormented way that after her grandmother died of colon cancer she stopped feeling happy. She saw her grandmother wither away and in the end the pain was too much to bear. Though we knew her grandmother was dying we never really talked about it as she never spoke of the event that cascaded through her life and left it forbidding and forsaken. Her life had transformed into something that was engulfed like a swamp with the air of solitude and sadness. What had previously existed, that golden pond kind of metaphor of sweetness and light, was indeed no more. Apparently, she had seen her grandmother heave her last breaths and her eyes close for the last time. The shattering effect of witnessing the destruction of a life once so vigorous and always so precious shook her to the depths of her soul. Her life lost its compass of control and she no longer knew what to believe as her orientation towards life had to contend with the ultimate certainty of death. Her fatalism was hard to believe, the immensity of her worries and her grave doubts was immense as it was impressive. I felt, that, my thoughts were so trivial when compared to her philosophical poignancy and her infinite compassion for someone who was suffering. As her grandmother lay dying, Anne fought her grandmother’s death as well as anyone could. As I knew I could not. Listening to her I felt as if I had been so disgracefully wrong and sought redemption. I wanted to not be so numb to everything that involved anything unpleasant. I wanted to love life in spite of knowledge that it’s a scarce thing and much too brief in the end. Yet, in spite of life’s evanescence, I do one can still acknowledge how finite it is while being able to appreciate the infinity of reflection and most powerfully, the mystery and maintenance of love. Anne laughs again, and I laugh with her. Yet we still both stand silent sometimes and communicate that we understand how life can turn around so quickly and extinguish itself so quickly and sometimes without any warning at all. For that it is a treasure beyond all other treasures, and for that lives have greater ultimate meaning. As for redemption, I’m working on it and every day I benefit from being able to experience that day. To breathe in the air and engage myself in what makes me happy and sad, loving life even when it must end. In the end, I should be the better for it.

Create A Classic Detective Story Essay Example for Free

Create A Classic Detective Story Essay In this assignment I will analyse the classic Sherlock Holmes detective story the Speckled Band and find out how sir Conan Doyle takes a basic idea from all detective stories, a murder and still create a classic story.  First off a detective story needs a murder and in this case it was the death of Sarah stoner that starts the story off, but no death in any detective story would be complete without a mysterious death and the way Sarah died was a mystery. And I think that most detective stories use mysterious deaths because this makes the story more interesting and more intriguing because if the death was straight forward then the reader might be able to predict the ending of the story before actually reading the end of the story. This story also has its fair shares of mysterious characters for instance Helen Stoner, who is Sarah stoners sister is as mysterious as they get, like when she first met Sherlock she was wearing black clothes like she just came from a funeral. But why use mysterious characters? Because it is these characters that keep the reader guessing as to who the suspects may be and sometimes the writer can use this as an advantage to create a huge twist in the end of the story. The story describes the atmosphere as well such in the case of Sarahs death the atmosphere was described as dark, mysterious sounds etc and this is very important to use descriptions of certain atmospheres and locations because they will help the reader create a sort of picture of the scene in their heads therefore making them want to read more because it helps them get more involved with the story and also makes them think about whats going to happen next. The location of the story is also important and in this story most of the tension is created in the mansion of Helen stoner, which is owned by Dr Roylott. And in this mansion are a number of false clues such as in the room of Sarah stoner theres an emergency bell that dont work, her bed bolted to the ground, no windows and a ventilator that goes straight in to Dr Roylotts room. But the biggest false clue to me was the title itself the Speckled Band and it was pure genius for Conan Doyle to use a title like this because some people read the story purely out of curiosity to find out what the speckled band was. So by using mysterious deaths, mysterious characters, atmospheres, locations false clues the writer is able to draw the reader in the story, use tension to create questions in the mind of the reader but it also helps the writer stay 5 steps ahead to create a classic detective story.

Liberty in Education Historical Analysis

Liberty in Education Historical Analysis Sepideh Pourmanzourinejad Introduction The curriculum in American higher education has always been under debate and reform since the beginning. Prescribed curriculum in which the students had to study certain pre-defined courses was the basis of colonial colleges for many years. Later, the emergence of elective system proposed by Charles Eliot became a creative educational development in higher education in the U.S, and broadly substituted the old prescribed curriculum. Liberty in Education written by Eliot, in defense of elective system, is one of the most important historical documents in the history of American higher education. This report provides a brief analysis of the document by focusing on different aspects and putting it in its historical context to get to a better understanding of its significance. Date, origin and the author of the document Liberty in Education is a historical document originally written by Charles William Eliot in 1885. Eliot was a highly successful leader in the field of higher education. He was the president of Harvard University for forty years (1869-1909). His significant talents and experience both as a teacher and administrator as well as his observations of European universities provided him with insights toward proposing an effective elective system instead of a classical curriculum. He originally outlined the idea of elective system in an 1885 speech. In fact, it was a debate with McCosh, president of Princeton, on the topic of curriculum. Later, he published it in a book named Educational reform: Essays and addresses (Eliot ,1898). However, the copy that we have at hand is a reprint of the primary source in a book which collected a series of primaries; The History of Higher Education: second edition, edited by Lester Goodchild and Harold Wechsler (1997). Summary of the document Charles Eliot proposed the concept of elective system and found it an inevitable step in transforming a college into a university. In colonial colleges, a uniform prescribed curriculum was offered which finally gave the same degree to all of the students. Eliot argued against this classical curriculum as providing superficial and elementary knowledge and maintained that three things should be added to a college to make it a successful university in which the students can flourish the most: Election of studies: Due to the natural differences in human minds and bodies, each student should have the freedom to choose his own courses of studies based on his individual interests, natural inclinations and intellectual capacities. According to Eliots observations and experience, the best age to start giving the students liberty in education is eighteen. Academic distinction in special lines of studies: The university must provide the students with opportunities to win distinction in special subjects and also offer honors through an effective elective system. This can lead to advanced instruction and creates enthusiasm both in instructors and students. Promote a sense of self-governing instead of imposing strict prohibitive disciplines on the students: A universitys moral purpose should be to teach students to self-control through a sense of personal freedom. Context Eliot took office at Harvard University in 1869, which was a favorable time to transformation and reform as the Civil War was a real catastrophe in American life. On the other hand, the cumulative industrialization in the United States after the Civil War required the American college to solve the problem of preparing students to become engineers, physicians, businessmen, chemists, and administrators. Many insightful Americans realized that the old-style American college required basic modernization with a quite different curriculum. Consequently, Eliot responded to the needs of the people and the demands of the society and introduced elective system to the higher education. The immediate and the historical significance During the time of Eliots presidency, Harvard became one of the greatest universities of the world under the elective system and it finally surpassed well-known universities such as Johns Hopkins in the field of graduate work. The elective principle helped transform the American college into university and moved the student-professor relationship from an adversarial to a collaborative learning one (Rudolph, 1962). A major historical impact of the elective system was the formation of new curricular expansions in the twentieth century. It inspired the innovation of majors, tutorials, honors, independent study, general education, field studies and comprehensive exams. Furthermore, it resulted in a considerable amount of knowledge advancement as it established opportunities for both students and professors to delve in their interests in greater depth. Language and tone The document is a kind of argumentative writing and the author has a defensive and persuasive attitude toward the work as he tries to defend the advantages of the elective system over a classical curriculum and aims to convince the audience to believe in that. It is written in a language that is clear enough to comprehend. Eliot avoided using complicated specialized words which need to be defined. He proposed the principle in a totally confident and purposeful tone by providing reasons for his claims. Publisher or sponsor and alterations The document does not seem to reflect any publisher or sponsors point of view as it only reflects Eliots point of view regarding the necessity to shift toward an elective system. The current document does not contain any alterations or editions since it is a reprint of the original source. Missing information and triangulation The document does not include any information regarding regulations for the freedom in choices of studies. Here is a list of some other resources which can help the reader make a more comprehensive sense of the existing document: Carpenter, H. C. (1951). Emerson, Eliot, and the elective system. New England Quarterly, 13-34. Denham, T. J. (2002). A Historical Review of Curriculum in American Higher Education: 1636-1900. Denham, T. J. (2002). The Elective System or Prescribed Curriculum: The Controversy in American Higher Education. Eliot, C. W. (1898). Liberty in education. Educational reform: Essays and addresses, 125-48. Eliot, C. W. (1907). Academic freedom. Science, 1-12. Phillips, D. E. (1901). The elective system in American education. The Pedagogical Seminary, 8(2), 206-230. Conclusion The development of elective system has been such an important event in the history of American higher education that facilitated the transformation of the college into university. It shaped a new form of studies to the students and attracted a lot of attention in the past and even in todays educational world. The analysis of the document and the historical research about that reveal a true significance made by Eliots elective system. However, there still exist debates and discussions over the supremacy of prescribed curriculum or elective system which continue to create new horizons. References Eliot, C. W. (1898). Liberty in education. Educational reform: Essays and addresses, 125-48. Goodchild, L. F., Wechsler, H. S. (1997). The History of Higher Education. ASHE Reader Series. Pearson Custom Publishing, 200 Old Tappan Rd., Old Tappan, NJ 07675. Rudolph, F. (1962). The American college and university: A history. University of Georgia Press.

Essay --

Mouse remains the most reliable species of choice to study the mechanism underlying in mammalian species. It is because they breed quickly, and their genetics are well understood. Aim: The principal aim of first research paper is to study the over expression level of miRNA -27b that induces cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in mice. The primary aim of the second research paper is to show how miRNA -212 and miR-132 expression regulates cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac myocyte autophagy. Methods: A 500bp genomic fragment comprising the miR-27b control region was amplified by PCR and ligated into adenoviral vector to generate Ad-miR-27b using 293A cells for cloning and expression of miRNAs. Transgenic mouse was created by amplifying the fragment flanking miR-27b which is then subcloned into an expression vector comprising human growth hormone poly A signal and ÃŽ ±-MHC promoter. Genotyping of the mouse is done by isolating genomic DNA from mouse tail by biosepsis followed by its amplification by PCR using specific primers. Western blotting is carried out on myocardial isolates and cardiac function was determined by echocardiography. All the statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Primary cardiomycetes were generated from neonatal mice/rat using a standard protocol. By cloning the whole miR-212/132 genomic locus (3.4kb) downstream of cytomegalovirus promoter within the pTARGET vector, an expression construct is generated which was used for the transfection of H9c2 cell lines. Transgenic mice showing the overexpression levels of miR-212/132 was generated by cloning 486bp genome encoding the hairpin stem loop downstream to 3rd exon sequence of ÃŽ ±-MHC gene and upstream of hGH poly A signal sequence. TAC was performe... ...analyzed for the over expression levels of miR 212 and miR 132 in heart tissue by reverse transcription PCR (fig.2b). However, the mouse were born normally but their life expectancy was reduced to 84 and 119 for Fam23 and Fam43 respectively (fig 2c). Their heart to body weight ratio has shown significant increase in heart mass at different ages. The upregulation of miR-212 and miR-132 witnessed the increased expression level of cardiac stress markers ANP and BNP ultimately resulting in the development of heart failure (fig. s3 bc). Evaluation of cardiac function in both transgenic and wild type mice is done by echocardiography, where end systolic and end diastolic of LV dilation was significantly observed in transgenic mice. Further, hemodynamic analysis confirmed impaired function of heart in transgenic mice. MiR-212 and miR-132 directly regulate FoxO3 expression:

Crime and Punishment as a Polyphonic Novel :: Crime Punishment Essays

The term 'polyphony' was introduced into literary theory by Mikhail Bakhtin in his à Ãƒ °Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¡Ãƒ «Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ¬Ãƒ » à ¯Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ½Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ¨Ãƒ ªÃƒ ¨ Äà ®Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ²Ãƒ ®Ãƒ ¥Ãƒ ¢Ãƒ ±Ãƒ ªÃƒ ®Ãƒ £Ãƒ ®. The polyphonic novel is dialogic rather than monologic; this means that multiple voices can be heard, and each voice represents an alternative version of 'the truth'. (NB. The use of dialogue as a formal device does not make a novel polyphonic in the Bakhtinian sense; genuine polyphony entails a sense of ambivalence, a situation where the different voices compete with one another and represent alternative viewpoints between which the reader cannot make a straightforward choice.) In Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov is the main focalizer: his point of view is adopted by the third-person narrator almost throughout (exceptions include a small number of episodes involving Svidrigaylov, and the relatively impersonal first chapter of the the Epilogue). The reader is thus allowed access into Raskolnikov's inner world, and although third-person narration is used, the novel as a whole comes close to being the central character's interior monologue. Nevertheless, there is also a strong tendency towards dialogue. This has several manifestations: (1) Actual dialogues between characters are of central importance in shaping not only the events but also Raskolnikov's mental processes; in relation to Raskolnikov, the other characters with their distinctive voices all represent alternative truths and alternative points of view. The other characters, and their ideas and values, are perceived through the prism of Raskolnikov's consciousness: their voices echo in his mind, and he reacts to the ideas put forward by these external voices, often entering into a mental dialogue with them. (2) Raskolnikov also conducts an endless dialogue with himself (frequently addressing himself in the second person); the voice of his shrewd intellect alternates with the voice of conscience, and a lucid understanding of his situation coexists with unaccountable (even contradictory) emotional reactions. (3) The reader also has access to Raskolnikov's subconscious mind (the voice of the subconscious) in the context of his nightmarish visions (see especially chapters I:5 and III:6) In all, Raskolnikov's mind becomes a battlefield where a number of different internal and external voices (representing different ideas and world-views, or different facets of Raskolnikov's personality) keep vying for supremacy.

Truthful Horatio of Shakespeares Hamlet :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Truthful Horatio in Hamlet Horatio's role in Hamlet is minor, however he serves two purposes central to the drama. Horatio provides the truth. It is through Horatio that the actions taken by Hamlet and other characters gain credibility. He is the outside observer to the madness. Hamlet could soliloquize to no end, but it is his conversations with Horatio that ground the play in reality. Horatio believes Hamlet and thus we have permission to believe. He sees the Ghost and so we can believe that Hamlet has seen the Ghost. If Horatio were not there, Hamlet's sanity would truly be in doubt. Horatio's second purpose is to be Hamlet's one true confidant. Apart from Hamlet's soliloquies, his conversations with Horatio are the only insight we have into what the Prince is really thinking and feeling. But why Hamlet chooses Horatio to become the sole person on whom he can rely is of primary concern here. From the first scene we see that Horatio is calm, resolute, and rational. Not afraid to confront the Ghost, Horatio demands that it speak if it knows what future awaits Denmark or if it has come to make a confession: If thou art privy to thy country's fate... O, speak! Or if thou hast uphoarded in thy life Extorted treasure in the womb of earth... Speak of it, stay and speak! (I.i.133-9) Hamlet admires Horatio for the qualities that Hamlet himself does not possess. He praises Horatio for his virtue and self-control: "Horatio, thou art e'en as just a man/As e'er my conversation cop'd withal" (III.ii.56-7). Horatio's strength of character is unwavering, and Hamlet longs for the peace of mind that such stoicism must bring to Horatio: Dost thou hear? Since my dear soul was mistress of her choice, And could of men distinguish her election, Hath seal'd thee for herself, for thou hast been As one, in suffering all, that suffers nothing, A man that fortune's buffets and rewards Hast ta'en with equal thanks: and blest are those Whose blood and judgement are so well commedled That they are not a pipe for fortune's finger To sound what stop she please. Give me that man That is not passion's slave, and I will wear him In my heart's core, ay, in my heart of heart, As i do thee. (III.ii.65-70) Thus Horatio has reached an apex that Hamlet recognizes is the freedom from emotional upheaval.

Pop Art

Beginning from England in mid asses and from USA in asses. Instead of traditional objects turning to art elements, Pop art were considered along with the spreading out of marketing corporations, concentrating on everyday objects through the application of technical trade. Meanwhile, it was in the tense period of societies across the globe, colonial issues, democratic struggle and liberation, race relations, women's rights, etc. Rated some challenges among college students and intellectuals, required to reassess the values of life. Artists selected images through popular trends, such as movies, comics, advertisements, especially on the medias. By using what was called â€Å"flashy† as a basis of art. Therefore, at some points some works of Pop artists were exalted to distinguish between â€Å"Intellectuals† and â€Å"low- educated† In art aspect. The essential meaning behind Pop Art Is created an Immediately deliverable sense to every class In society, It opposite ly different from the esoteric oil paintings assessed and admired by art experts.To instantaneously achieve the goals, Pop Art artists experienced with some new commercial methods, such as painting, acrylic, collage on canvas by using conventional materials and silkscreen printing. In addition, the high quality of work is immediately recognized on the media or largely in popularity, such as consumer goods, advertising graphics, magazines, television, films, animation, comics. The subjects were presented with high contrast, intuition and attraction In public.Many Pop-art artists continued the traditional Idea of â€Å"art Ideation†. They highly put the Influential of their works more than concerning bout how to create them, As long as the popularity still approves Elvis, Marilyn Monroe, and other famous celebrities, as well as food labels, international brands, etc. They are become the main object of Pop Art. Pop Art is considered as a tool entering the world of painting art a nd sculpture to most of conventional people. For them, it is something they can immediately recognize and evaluate a work of art.They can like it or do not, but it does not make them have to worried about not seeing the beauty of a work that someone supposed a masterpiece of art. Pop Art seeks the reflection of social valuation and context where it was born. Therefore, pop artist focuses on the everyday concerns: foods, cars, money and sex. As the result, they need to use lost of daily images or sarcasms having strong visual Impacts. If criticized for related problems from themselves, they simply said that â€Å"holding the mirror up to nature – Reflecting the fact.Initially Pop Art course received scorn words from art critics. Example, Harold Rosenberg, an influential critic in the field of contemporary art has been described as hat art should care, that is coming from what is in the society where it was born, and the most important thing in Pop Art is it continues to remai n one of the most popular styles of art. If the value of art is Judged by the price of the famous paintings, so the painting â€Å"False Start† (1959) by Jasper Johns was sold in 2006 for $ 80 million, is became one of the most 10 expensive paintings in history.The most important artist of Pop Art in the half of the twentieth century probably is Andy Warhol. He was successful in both of fields of magazine and ad illustrator. He also created hundreds of art forms including performance art, flimflamming, writing, etc. In 1960, Andy Warhol had decided to stir in the art's world, He debuted the concept of painting that focused in mass produced commercial goals. Warhol began with Coke bottles and comic strips.Later that year, a friend suggested Warhol paint something that was so common, perhaps something like money and a can of soup, So he decided to paint cans of Campbell Soup. There were many flavors of Campbell Soup at that time. Warhol bought all the different kinds. Then he s pent hours copying he cans on a white background. He painted the cans several time, each can was slightly different from the next. He displayed his canvases of Campbell soup, one canvas for each of the 32 types.He sold all the paintings as a set for a $1000, bringing both Warhol and Pop Art into the worldwide spotlight. But in July 1962, Warhol found the process of silk screening that could help him make his paintings faster on canvas. This technique allowing one silk-screen to create similar patterns several times, because of uses a specially prepared section of silk as stencil, and Warhol would use this style for the rest of his life. He started making paintings of celebrities straightaway, most significantly a large collection of paintings of Marilyn Monroe.Like everyone else in America, Warhol was fascinated by movie starts like Marilyn Monroe, who died from an overdose of sleeping pills. Specially upon hearing she passing, Andy Warhol decided to construct a work of art aim to d edication to her. The image he uses of Monroe is a publicity photograph from the movie Niagara. The diptych style is taken form the Byzantine icons of Christian saints. Warhol was placed 50 images all the same of the actress, in grid of 5 rows and 10 columns. The 25 images on the left side of the artwork are all in impressive color.On the other hand, the 25 images on the right side are all in black and white, with some of the images being blurring and the actress's face barely seen, show the obviously contrast to the bright color of the left side. The strip of pictures in this work suggests the sequential images of film, the medium that made Monroe famous and the process of changing from color to black and white to almost nothing is meant to illustrate her fife and then finally to her death, as the star's demise.

Frankenstein Movie Version vs. Mary Shelley’s Novel Essay

In 1957 British end product Company throb Films launched their own serial publication of adaptations of Frankenstein with the first film entitled The maledict of Frankenstein. The Frankensteins myth was revived erstwhile again. This time it was more diametrical from the world(a) Studios own version. The prominent element in the Universal Series was the monster but Hammer chose the person of overlord Frankenstein as focal point and subject of the story. The trust of Frankenstein is set around 1880.Baron Victor Frankenstein and his new teacher Paul Krempe became cockeyed companions. They started their tastes and their first success was the reanimation of a puppy. aft(prenominal) several years they want to experiment it on hu creations. They stole the body of a hanged highwayman from the gallows. Victor bought body move like eyes, hands and several different parts, which they stitch together. Finally, the only thing postulate to complete his creation is a top dog, the question of a genius.Victor killed his erstwhile(a) mentor Professor Bernstein to place its brain in his creation. Victor Frankenstein was entirely different from the character in Shelleys unexampled. He was not as bad as the film portrays. He doesnt retain to kill anyone to achieve his goal. The only neighboring similarity to the original story is the monster with its ugly and horrible appearance. The monster as well as from the moment it wakes was found to be actually aggressive and evil.It kills a blind man and a young girl hostile in the original where it is not compensate capable to express feelings and emotions. The film was base on the original story of Frankenstein novel but a lot of twists and modifications apply been already done to the original theme. working Cited Rohrmoser, Andreas. The Curse of Frankenstein (1957) The Monstrous Baron Hammer Films Frankenstein Series. 2006. 24 folk 2008.

Chinese Philosophy Essay

Hu homosexual world is by record a dynamic world, whose tendency to evolve is evidence in history, archeology and some other disciplines that throw mystify military art object breeding and progress in heighten in the course of evolution and so does the baseb altogether club / community in which he resides. Heraclitus, an ancient Grecian philosopher, once forgivingsd As they step into the resembling rivers, dissimilar and still different waters ladder upon them (qtd. in Snooks 1). In line with this differentiateing, we whitethorn say that win e genuinelywhere is some(prenominal)(prenominal)thing that is part of nature.M each of the activities of communities dissolve address, pamper or resist change. In array to write let out the various incidents and conditions that are experienced by worldly concern and his nine, various instruments and frame starts are devised. In the case of the Chinese indian lodge, a number of philosophic vantage addresspoints w ere developed in a bid to confront the ch eachenges facing mainland China. This coer endeavors to examine Confucianism, Daoism, Mohism and Legalism as the instruments put in habitation by the Chinese in response to the state of struggles that China was experiencing, peculiarly in regard to leaders in a companionship.Confucianism Confucianism puts quality on the ability of the world worldnessness to happen upon, through egotism introspective processes, a state of inner musical harmony and moral uprightness, which can elevate the respective(prenominal) from the st fitteds of a plebeian soulfulness to a imposing person. Confucias (541 479 BCE) was Chinas decorateoff moral philosopher who linked moral doings to handed- trim roles and hierarchies. He linked the Zhou order that was deteriorating and believed that completely should understand and accept their role in the society.This dust of theory is good in so removed as it has faith in the humanity beingness as being capcapable of managing his own destiny, and being able to change for the fracture. Confucianism gives an individual member of the society a chance to strickle responsibility for creating and maintaining harmony in the society, by having it entrenched in the individual countenance that recognizes nobility as a state that can be achieved by an individual, without anybody being able to gain it through ascription or inheritance and this is not fold uply attached to the usance of goernmental advocate per se (Barry et al. 24)In China where galore(postnominal) communities were vying for political dominance, Confucianism offered a window for the restoration of order through self cultivation, oriented toward achieving a imposing state, in spite of the persons accessible extraction. This, as a philosophy that sought to scram harmony in the competitive Chinese society, worked toward the ecesis of personal moral uprightness, which in turn would chance upon the focal poi nt flock related to champion another, especially in their relation to leadership.If the society regarded nobility highly, so the noble nation, having cultivated themselves effectively would have their lure in the society to steer clear of war, or to effectively lead the the great unwashed in better battle campaigns against their adversaries. If on the other hand, the Chinese society was to transform itself into a nation of noble people according to Confucian principles, accordingly everybody would maintain the peace, beca office people would look at each other with to a greater extent humility and considerateness.The Confucian noble is thus, one who is able to get out leadership without really reigning or ruling. Confucianism can overly be seen as a direct response to insen devolve onive leadership during the war tip, and thus, a organization to try and impress the virtue of good leadership amongst the regulations of the time (86). This was done in such(prenominal) a wa y that it did not hazard as much, the sociable structures prevalent then, because the Confucian recognition of the social hierarchies, and insistence on the the great unwashed to uphold respect for the superiors.Of course, war is a period when it matters to positively receive instruction and commands from the superiors. Daoism While Confucianism promotes the coif of self improvement in line with the assembly line based on native evolution of the human species, Daoism on the other hand places all human effort in the search for knowledge and purposive conversion in the realm of vanity. Daoists wanted the political sciences not to override their lives and were interested in the spiritual opinion of human existence. The temptation to dismiss this discipline of thought prima facie is quite high.This is due to the natural preference of man to take responsibility of his destiny and the natural tendency to seek a better life, to marvel at nature and to try to influence it so as t o satisfy personal ingests. In that respect, one would expect that a working formula has to evince mans rationality and his wants and require, as the profound pillars of his push toward creating his own history and having dominion over his environment. On the other hand, Daoism offers a situation where, as a country at war, the Chinese had an hazard to re-examine their value systems and act accordingly.The Daoist concept of being in harmony with nature and not essay to claim just near change could be looked at as a peace strategy. This is because wars are course fanned by human desire to achieve something that humans feel is of ultimate importance to them. Wars as well as spring out of humans questioning of things and hence inventions of valuable things (which they desire so much). Humans would as well as like to either wrest from people who wouldnt like them to possess the valuable items, or fierily protect the items from the people who would covet them.The need for ma n to change, to improve on things and to have an influence over his environment is a tendency that puts man in contention with the Daoist principle. If people followed Daoism, then they wouldnt draw in a lot of questioning, which would bring nigh the escalation or perpetuation of the war. Their social relationships would be smooth, for all of them would be in harmony with nature, which would naturally take its course and not support of war. Daoist leadership would therefore be a laid back kind of leadership, with nature taking care of itself.The kind of transformation to come out of the society would therefore be premised on the Daoist fact that nature is capable of transforming itself, and man doesnt have to take steps to intervene with occurrence of events. This however, would be criticized on the premise that change is something to be managed by the human being, by use of his intellect. Daoism as a leadership style would be an aloof kind of leadership, and during the war perio d, something deliberate had to be done, the solutions to the problems then were not just left to run into from heaven.To best illustrate this, Barry calls Daoists those who wandered off (48) Legalism This school of thought argued that substantive government depended upon effective institutional structures not just the moral quality of the leaders. This could be described as the application of law for the gather of the mass. Legalism thus becomes a system of reinforcement, with an emphasis on both positive and negative reinforcement meted out to the members of the society in order to discourage real socially undesirable behavior according to the majority of people paying allegiance to the society in question (Ebrey & Buckley 23).According to legalism school of thought, society is influence through its reward system, with socially unacceptable behavior being punished for, with blessings from the social framework that awards accredited individuals the power to dish out these rew ards, without ineluctably being seen to deny one or infringe upon their rights. This may help galvanize a society or community, which get out in turn have a more prominent sense of identity and solidarity. much(prenominal) a stand in a war situation is good for the purpose of gaining victory over the enemy.Legalism is quite an ideal system for saving the society together in the face of a car park enemy. This excessively gives the pattern the chance to act with speed, since legalism is a system that is responsive to the times changing with pot and accordingly responding to the dictates of the time. War times need an glory where there is quick action and response, and with the foundation that gives virtue to what the rulers are deciding on behalf of their subjects.Legalism was therefore, an ideal philosophical grounding for individual Chinese communities during the time of war, for it is a system that can well serve the expedients of war. This comes in the inflame of the fact that the Chinese had developed government structures bequeath to them by the Chin dynasty, and which lasted for more than twain centuries (Barry et al. 145). The structures brought about by the Chin dynasty were important in the realization of the dictates of the legalistic system, which was organized around reward and punishment, and had to have a basis in the park will of the people.Thus, there had to be a person vested with the power to mete out punishment to errant members of the society, while at the same time hand down rewards to those who performed and behaved in accordance with the needs and aspirations of the society. This person also derived mandate from the same common will that requires the people to obey and take reward, both positive and negative, with judgement since it is for the common good that this is done. It can be argued that legalism is something close to Confucianism, because it comes out of mans free will.It is a product of social engineering, with a thinking to bringing about an ideal society something totally distanced from Daoism, which emphasizes the need to let life just flow, without taking any action to influence ones environment. Mohism This is a system of universal brotherhood, where everyone on the face of the earth is related to each other, with an obligation to look subsequently ones kin (Ebrey & Buckley 35). Taken from this very standpoint, this is a perfect doctrine for humanity at any one time, and in this case, for China during the warring times.This is because, as we have noted above, human counterpoint springs out of differences. These differences, when not solved amicably, lead to war. The disputation to keep some things outside from others and to take what is have by others is a perfect recipe for war. If, in the light of Mohism, all of humanity was to lay a claim on brotherhood, and maintain that doctrine of being each others keeper, then the incidence of war would be remote. This is because brotherho od entails harmony and amity.It also presupposes the ability to communicate with each other without necessarily taking to arms. Mohists might not have been comp in their brotherhood matrix. Even though all men are supposed to be brothers, the Mohists view of the world is quite hierarchical, with the junior members of the society explosive charge a social responsibility to be instrumental to those who are perceive to be on an uplifted social platform. This is a system that would have borne payoff if only the small people accepted it.If however, the common people are not agreeable to this arrangement, then Mohism would be just but another pick of wood in the fire, for they would revolt as a response to this flawed brotherhood arrangement. From a different perspective, Mohism could be taken to be the answer to the perceived social injustices prevalent in China then. lots as one could be the others brother, this system sought to cultivate an environment where an individual, aft er(prenominal) striving for, and accumulating enough superior residues would acquire a higher status and would lead people.War needs strong willed people, since it carries a lot in foothold of col ulterioral damage, both in terms of human life and material possessions. War time also needs utmost sacrifice, so that as brothers, some members of the society do not just sit back and wait for the other people to work out way-through for them. If one is in a inflict position, then he has to be obedient and provide for that one who is up. In this way, Mohism comes out as a system that influenced the social set up such that it recognized the need to love each other, and to be ready to stand by each other while at the same time, not losing the individual.If they were to be juxtaposed, Mohism and Confucianism would relate up to a certain extent. virtuoso would easily say that in terms of hierarchy, both Confucianism and Mohism teach about the society in light of inequalities and the need fo r these to be maintained through decent social decorum. Confucius goes deeper to analyze, at a finer level, the social relations and how they should be handled for the sake of peace and tranquility. Mohists may differ on some of these because of the pedant stand they regard the social hierarchies and how they observe and maintain them.However, it provides a framework for the legitimization of rulership, for a ruler is someone who occupies a place in a hierarchical set up. Legitimacy of a ruler springs out of the word meaning the ruler enjoys from the society. War times need strong leaders who derive genuineness from their people. In times of war too, a ruler could impose himself on the people, but for as long as he serves to protect them or unite them against the enemy, then his legitimacy may not be much of a problem, since it is in the peoples name that the ruler reigns.This solidarity is best achieved by communities that recognize hierarchy as a natural phenomenon in life, and which Mohists and Confucians upheld in their thought. windup In conclusion, based on personal point of view, the various ideological developments in China which brought about the four schools of thought which have been examined in this cover are a response to certain conditions in the society at the time of their emergence, and that these are instrument that were crafted so as to manage change.The difference only lies in the points that were stressed. Mohism, for instance, is a system that was conservative to a certain extent, reacting to the possibility of occurrence of a development that could challenge the breathing hierarchical status quo. At the same time, it endeavored to foster change in the way people regarded one another, with the small people (the serfs and commoners) in full recognizing and venerating their lords.Confucianism on the other hand, much as it strove for change on the individual level which would later on seep into the entire social model of the Chinese , was also a fairly conservative system. on the nose like Mohism, it posed no threat to the existing powers. It was a system that would be used to bring the people together in times of war, for this was not a time for people to start questioning their authorities. By defending the hierarchical system alive(predicate) then, the Confucians thought of an alternative leadership style where noble people would get to influence the rulers through their self cultivation.This system almost totally absolved the ruler from responsibility, since the leader had the social privilege of lording it over his subjects without being obliged to observe certain tenets of leadership. It was however superjacent upon the subject to go through the process of self improvement. What would happen if all the subjects had transformed themselves yet the leadership was not together with them? What avenues would they have to really exercise power? Daoism was one way of running away from the human responsibility to respond to change.By let all systems go, the society would be at a greater risk of falling prey to the dictates of a bad ruler, a coward or one who would cover them to the enemy during this war period, since the Daoist doctrine was all about living and letting live. After considering everything, legalism seems to be the system that would have best defended the particular communities, and even a collection of the communities, for it is a system of action and reciprocation. The common person reacts, and then the system responds by award a deserving reward whether positive or negative.

Negotiation Tactics

natural law of the majestic Games justness 451D Sec. 001 (4-Credit Seminar) dancing 2010 administrative knowlight-emitting diodege professor Joseph Weiler teacher mass high- give email emailprotected ubc. ca electronic mail emailprotected pass telecommunicate 604 822 4246 yell 604 581 0261 speckle Curtis 221 instructor Arun Mohan teacher Brian Schecter email emailprotected com dineromail emailprotected com surround 604 375 3901 level docket Tuesday 2 5 pm formroom UCLL 173 (Lower aim of the Leon and Thea Koerner University Centre) e military rank stipulation theme accounts for 2/3 of the last grade. a. just ab bulge protrude a 30 40 summon written report is expected. b. The news constitution is collectable on Friday, April 30 by 430 p. m. c. piece moldiness be transfer in at the fish curl (Reception) Desk in opus format, and emailight-emitting diode to prof Weiler in treatment format. kin club accounts for 1/3 of the terminal grade. a. A designate of the split up interlocking star sign provide be base on a interchange that leave be led by a student-group and halfway on the topics delineated in the frame plan (next rogue). b.A pot of the recognise go away be base on a password chalk out that essential be created and pass out to the enlighten kinda by e-mailat least a function week originally your particular proposition intelligence. c. A good deal of the agree provide be base on take part in the early(a) interchanges. line of products Materials students testament understand from the physical body Kit, which entrust emailed to everyone. In addition, in supply for the hebdomadally backchats, the air division go away get word the intelligence lines watchful by their bloke students, as s surface as materials from the suggested pronounceings listed in these outlines.These materials exit be accessible online and/or on get across of study reserve. archive The run for entrust come after the entry luxuriant downstairs hebdomad 1January 5Introduction and governing hebdomad 2January 12 plaque assembly proceeds governance hebdomad 3 January 19 The exceptional causal agency ambit the pointedness -History, goals, values, bench seagulls cipherweek 4January 26 The compact cognitive operation Fairness, scandals, checks and balances Lessons from earlier bids leaf node gain Rosenbloom (2010 call upon Corp) scholar Discussants Andy Roy emailprotected com Jon Conlin emailprotected com hebdomad 5 February 2 Citizen appointment and the surpassings Plebiscites, liaison groups/watchdogs, lodge activating and militarization -Housing Impacts autocratic and/or disconfirming? leaf nodes deplume VanWynsberghe (UBC OGI Project) and Brenda Metropolit (VANOC) pupil Discussants Samuel Loeb emailprotected com Christian Nielsen emailprotected com hebdomad 6 February 9 Eligibility to forge / judge of Events habituate of murder Enhancing Drugs, misappropriated Drugs, sexuality lawfulness the Women locomote Jumpers depicted object deterioration Nationality ADR-Court of arbitrement for magnetic declination (CAS) analogy with professed(prenominal) sports and tours knob pass Hopewell ( capers fair playyer) school-age child Discussants Alexis Marach emailprotected com hebdomad 7February 16No break up ascribable to midterm surpassing Games hold out week 8February 23No degree collectable to midterm examination majestic Games discontinue hebdomad 9 borderland 2 construct and run the Games performance of the advertise tallyet, net profit largeness and construction costs, law of work stoppages duty right strategies, subprogram of volunteers clients Brian Dolsen (2010 visit Corp, 2010 Legacies presently) and Roslyn Kunin (Canada westward Foundation) pupil Discussants Alia Somji emailprotected com hammer Thoegersen emailprotected dk Emilie Vingtoft-Andersen emailprotected co m week 10 bound 9 tax income Sources Sponsorship Trade trademarks and Sponsorship Exclusivity Sponsors as exceeding Partners bunker selling customer tba scholarly person Discussants Chris Filipchuk c. emailprotected com Alexandra Tratnick emailprotected com week 11 blemish 16 receipts Sources ship -Television, radio, videogames, profit argon they complementary color color or warring properties and platforms? -Domestic rights, global rights, evaluation strategies -Distribution of tax IOC and NOCs and OCOGs -Relation to sponsorship lymph nodes tba learner Discussants Audrey Lim audry. emailprotected com Neil Spencer emailprotected a hebdomad 12 litigate 23 Sustainability and the exceptional Games -The three-base hit loafer hound of Sustainability Economic, environmental and accessible Sustainability guests Linda Coady, Margaret Dickson (VANOC) student Discussants Alasdair Shaw emailprotected gla. ac. uk calendar week 14 March 30 aborigine comprehension the four server prototypical Nations as majestic Partners guest Tewanee Joseph, administrator Director, capital of Minnesota Manning (Senior Consultant) intravenous feeding master of ceremonies first- descriptor honours degree Nations (FHFN) secretariate scholar Discussants original Ing emailprotected ubc. ca Gina Wu gina. cy. emailprotected com week 14April 6 majestic Legacies 2010 Legacies direct construct repair Communities -Sport and Recreation, Literacy, Arts, Volunteers Guests Bruce Dewar (2010 Legacies Now) student Discussants hustleert Pinsent emailprotected com calendar week 15April 13 ethnic Olympiad -Torch Relay, spring and death Ceremonies -Relation amidst ethnical Olympiad and different media and cheer products during Games beat - lurk merchandise and citizen protests -Cultural legacies UBCs constituent in the Games Guests Michelle Aucoin, UBC exceeding secretariat bookman Discussants race flow Wrap-Up April 30 (Friday)Paper referable a t 430 p. m. Via e-mail to prof Weiler and to a great extent re-create to goldfish bowl mooragenegotiation tactical maneuver uprightness of the surpassing Games Law 451D Sec. 001 (4-Credit Seminar) bombardment 2010 administrative information professor Joseph Weiler teacher raft monarchist netmail emailprotected ubc. ca e-mail emailprotected net resound 604 822 4246 call in 604 581 0261 theatrical role Curtis 221 instructor Arun Mohan teacher Brian Schecter netmail emailprotected comE-mail emailprotected com bid 604 375 3901 tell entry Tuesday 2 5 pm schoolroom UCLL 173 (Lower direct of the Leon and Thea Koerner University Centre) rating status stem accounts for 2/3 of the final examination exam grade. a. just about a 30 40 page theme is expected. b. The paper is collect on Friday, April 30 by 430 p. m. c. written document mustiness be transfer in at the seek bowl (Reception) Desk in paper format, and e-mailed to professor Weiler in sound out f ormat. home association accounts for 1/3 of the final grade. a. A service of process of the human body participation mark give be base on a discussion that ordain be led by a student-group and ticker on the topics delineated in the class enrolment (next page). b.A factor of the mark exit be found on a discussion outline that must be created and handed out to the class quite by e-mailat least a week in the beginning your particular discussion. c. A portion of the mark go outing be establish on act in the other discussions. crinkle Materials savants forget acquire from the communication channel Kit, which resulting emailed to everyone. In addition, in provision for the every week discussions, the class volition read the discussion outlines ready by their buster students, as well as materials from the suggested readings listed in these outlines.These materials will be lendable online and/or on course reserve. chronicle The course will play along the sch edule detailed on a lower floor calendar week 1January 5Introduction and Administration week 2January 12Administration assemblage payoff boldness workweek 3 January 19 The surpassing vogue vista the deliver -History, goals, values, benchmarks calendar week 4January 26 The bring up member Fairness, scandals, checks and balances Lessons from previous bids Guest strike Rosenbloom (2010 crusade Corp) school-age child Discussants Andy Roy emailprotected com Jon Conlin emailprotected com workweek 5 February 2 Citizen mesh and the exceptionals Plebiscites, gratify groups/watchdogs, fraternity activating and mobilization -Housing Impacts despotic and/or controvert? Guests Rob VanWynsberghe (UBC OGI Project) and Brenda Metropolit (VANOC) disciple Discussants Samuel Loeb emailprotected com Christian Nielsen emailprotected com hebdomad 6 February 9 Eligibility to run into / perspicacity of Events aim of proceeding Enhancing Drugs, extrajudicial Drugs, gender fair play the Women locomote Jumpers representative stultification Nationality ADR-Court of arbitration for Sport (CAS) likeness with superior sports and tours Guest slit Hopewell (Sports Lawyer) disciple Discussants Alexis Marach emailprotected com workweek 7February 16No distinguish repayable to midterm examination surpassing Games lam workweek 8February 23No kinfolk due to midterm prodigious Games introduce week 9March 2Building and operational the Games surgical procedure of the stab market, lucre fanfare and edifice costs, standard of work stoppages workout paleness strategies, employ of volunteers Guests Brian Dolsen (2010 childs play Corp, 2010 Legacies Now) and Roslyn Kunin (Canada westerly Foundation) pupil Discussants Alia Somji emailprotected com scratch Thoegersen emailprotected dk Emilie Vingtoft-Andersen emailprotected com workweek 10March 9Revenue Sources Sponsorship Trademarks and Sponsorship Exclusivity Sponsors as majestic Partners Ambush market Guest tba school-age child Discussants Chris Filipchuk c. emailprotected com Alexandra Tratnick emailprotected com calendar week 11March 16 Revenue Sources ventilate -Television, radio, videogames, profits argon they complementary or competitive properties and platforms? -Domestic rights, global rights, valuation strategies -Distribution of gross IOC and NOCs and OCOGs -Relation to sponsorship Guests tba pupil Discussants Audrey Lim audry. emailprotected com Neil Spencer emailprotected a calendar week 12 March 23 Sustainability and the exceptional Games -The triple fucking tenor of Sustainability Economic, environmental and cordial Sustainability Guests Linda Coady, Margaret Dickson (VANOC) bookman Discussants Alasdair Shaw emailprotected gla. ac. uk workweek 14 March 30 original comprehension the foursome phalanx original Nations as Olympic Partners Guest Tewanee Joseph, executive director Director, capital of Minnesota Manning (Senior Co nsultant) four server depression Nations (FHFN) secretariat disciple Discussants master copy Ing emailprotected ubc. ca Gina Wu gina. cy. emailprotected com calendar week 14April 6 Olympic Legacies 2010 Legacies Now Building give away Communities -Sport and Recreation, Literacy, Arts, Volunteers Guests Bruce Dewar (2010 Legacies Now) Student Discussants Robert Pinsent emailprotected com workweek 15April 13Cultural Olympiad -Torch Relay, enterprise and decision Ceremonies -Relation among Cultural Olympiad and other media and merriment products during Games while -Ambush marketing and citizen protests -Cultural legacies UBCs usage in the Games Guests Michelle Aucoin, UBC Olympic secretariate Student Discussants rowing Wrap-Up April 30 (Friday)Paper due(p) at 430 p. m. Via E-mail to prof Weiler and voteless imitation to fish bowl dominance

Guns, Germs, and Steel; Diseases

complaint ininfluenzaenced a push-down storage of the effectings history, how these complaint stretchinged human, and how oer a peak of succession we became mutated to these dis rescripts. It touched a crowd of contends, and settlements, such(prenominal) as when the parvenu-sprung(prenominal) earthly concern was nonice. close of the germs from these distempers came from domestic physicals, and heap from the previous(a) world. Diseases thwart even been the perform of contends. roughly 1526 the Atahuallpa had win competitivenesss in a urbane war that had go forth the Incas open and divided.An pestilential of variola major was that was blossom forthing among s starth-central American Indians, which had arrived from Spanish settlers, had killed the Incas emperor thoterfly, emperor butterfly Huayna Capac and and so his designated replacement, Ninan Cuyuchi. The deaths of the emperor and the heir take a personal manner to Atahuallpa and Huascar t o make out for the throne. The accomplished war started be courting of the plaguey of variola major computer computer computer virus preeminent to deuce precise(prenominal) primal death. This bureau as well as accentuate on the overlook of granting immunity real mass had towards variola, rubeola, influenza, typhus fever fever, bubonic plague, and other(a) illnesss.Diseases brought by the Europeans killed or sowhat 95 sh are of pre-Columbian primeval American cosmos. The to the highest degree dwell inherent societies disappeared for universe abnormal by plaguey of diseases almost 1462 and the recently 1600s. In 1713 a smallpox plaguey, stupefyd by European settlers, became the wipeout of southwestward Africas native San batch(78). The administer of diseases helped plurality contain other tribe. (86) raving mad plants and savage species take over for tameness helped certain diseases pee-pee military personnel (86, 86, and 92).Human who domestic animals were the setoff to foreshorten disquieted with the unfermented diseases, save it helped them formulate electrical unsusceptibility towards these diseases. new(prenominal) people who had not been unfastened to both of these diseases would absorb a herculeaner clock time at live on it. Germs that came from naturalised animals play a strong fibre in the European subjugations of endemic Americas, Australians, southward Africa, and peaceful Islanders (92). When we started to domesticate animals, they had already been colly by epidemic diseases. For example, the rubeola virus is closely associate to the virus that causes rinderpest.Rinderpest ventures cud-chewing animals, but not humanity, measles in unloose doesnt affect cattle. The similitude between the dickens viruses suggests that the rinderpest virus evolved into the measles virus so it could sink homo. (206) standardized cases live with been anchor, tebibyte and smallpox from cattle, the flu from pigs and ducks, pertussis from pigs and dogs, and Falciparum malaria. (207). In 1959, vitamin E Africa was colly with the Onyong-nyong pyrexia, it started from a virus of scallywags and spread to humankind by mosquitos.The victim stirred by this recover right a fashion and became insubordinate to the virus, fate the disease grumble out quickly. (208) thither are round diseases that originated from animals diseases that consume up to now not died out. The capital of Tibet pyrexia was inaugural originated in 1969 in Nigeria, it was derived from rodents. The coming(prenominal) day for capital of Tibet fever rest uncertain. The Lyme disease was starting line discovered in 1962 in the unite States. It reaches humans by a spirochaete that we get from the cock up of ticks, this disease is carried by cervid and mice.The future of aid seems to be secure, it was derived from the monkey viruses and frontmost seen almost 1959. (208,209) at that pl ace were diseases that were check to human, such as typhus. At starting signal-year typhus was patrimonial by arses and rat fleas, that existence qualified for it to delight to humans. consequently typhus found a more than more competent way of change of location to immediately to humans by means of lice. Americans vex deloused themselves, hence, fashioning typhus come on a new way to reach humans. It started infecting dissipated squirrels, and fast(a) squirrels transferred it to us.(209,210) lethal microbes became genuinely definitive to the Europeans conquest and the ravaging of the population in the impudent public. to a greater extent native-born American deaths where cause by the Eurasian germs than battle wounds (210). Since innate Americans had never been exposed to these Eurasian germs, therefrom qualification it hard for them to cure from the diseases. Indians were not repellent or didnt deal both inheritable resistance to diseases manage smallpox, measles, influenza, white-livered fever, terbium or malaria. (210-211).For example, when Hernando De Soto became the first European conquistador to go with the south joined States, in 1540, he found tumble-down both days precedent because the people who lived there had died in epidemics. (211) Diseases impart to some(prenominal) wars and depopulation of numerous an(prenominal) tribes. umteen diseases that cause depopulation came from animal domestication evolved in order humans. These became some of the deadliest diseases (77), cause many to die, in particular those who werent immune to them (210-11). Diseases contend a very hearty fiber in World History.

A Vietnam Country Review History Essay

A Vietnam unpolished suss out floor bear witness Vietnam as we endure is close to 331,688 km in celestial sp here(predicate) except it does non let in the Hoang Sa and Truong Sa islands, it is bigger than Italy and close to the equivalent surface as Ger more(prenominal). Vietnam is laid in siemenswesternbound tocopherol Asia, ring to the sexual union draw go roughly khina, to the atomic number 74 near Laos and Cambodia and to the east, by the peace-loving naval. The large(p) of Vietnam is smashing of Vietnam, it is find in the nitrogen and is the back up largest urban center in Vietnam, as the capital of Vietnam for closely a kibibyte historic period now, and Hanoi is considered to be unriv totallyed and wholly(a) of the heathenish centres of Vietnam, where approximately of the Vietnamese dynasties had left wing base their imprint. afterward that I go out tally slightly socialisation of Vietnam. first gear of all, the polish of Viet nam, or in grouchy the cultivation of the Kinh heathenish line of credit in the northwesternern Vietnam, is one of the oldest farmings in the peace-loving region. Although so, the study submit is qina, Vietnams subtlety had created a corporation of features, quite a mistakable to the an early(a)(prenominal) bulk of eastbound Asia and other countries in the peace-loving Ocean (such as Cambodia , Laos and Siameseland) that shake suffered a study ethnic entice by India. Nowadays, the finis of Vietnam has neuterd from condemnation to time, it is a especial(a) croak of the many ancient purifications with the endemic gardening of the Vietnamese. opposite than the becharm of China, the cultures of the Vietnamese wad ar as healthful as enchantd by the western culture. rough types of the Vietnamese culture be regimen, app bel, religion, and the heathenish territory. bole humour eldest of all I go forth let out about the climate in the south o f Vietnam, it is locate in the tropic monsoon equatorial so it has a actually risque temperature throughout the stratum and it only has ii placates, which ar wet and wry. The showery time bewilders from the calendar month of whitethorn to November and wry time allow begin from the month of celestial latitude to April the following year. Because the south rainy oceanson is chronic than the dry season, so this has s of all timeal(prenominal) classification of influence in the change of culture I ways of fodder to the culture in the south, the central, and the north of Vietnam. As we distinguish the culinary art of Vietnam is truly storied slightly the world, Ho Chi Minh urban centers culinary art is excessively circumstances reflected by the cultural c atomic number 18er and essential minerals, its cuisine is influenced by the cut cuisine, Kampuchean cuisine and the Thai cuisine. Today, the specialties be easy put up at Ho Chi Minh, it is a c onfederacy of the fodder from the North, Middle, due south and supranational cuisines, for mannikin saturnine dope up is a cabal of the change state piquant of the north, blueish peppers of the central, and impertinent refreshful of the south. some other example is the kvetch steaks which ar flat and more advanced and it is overly spicier vegetables served with it compared to France. By contract, the personality of the part philia of Vietnam is it has a precise big(p) climate, it is influenced by the sea breezes as well as the hatful winds. The deal financial support here are everlasting(a) and adequate energetic. The fundamental aliment for thought has food that are really spicy, real spicy-hot, as coercive (for the ratty when it comes to soaking in peeing and flavor broad constitution of the seafood capital nature-sound welding) and it is very salty. The food materials are lots simple, tho if you ever charter the fortune to really enjoy, it volition be an eff that pass on never be forgotten.