Kate Chopin s The Awakening - 1704 Words

Zenab Qureshy Professor Ormsbee AMS 1B – 10/11 30 September 2015 Seminar Essay 1 (Topic #4) The relationship between the individual – the personal, intimate, and internal – and American society – the cultural, institutional, and legal – forges a conflicting war within individual souls. Kate Chopin, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Langston Hughes prompt their readers to analyze the individual costs – the emotional impacts of dominating social and cultural forces. American society, despite habitually being disguised as a detachment from individual lives, sways American individuals through its cultural and political flaws. Kate Chopin’s The Awakening explores the effects societal conventions had on women by narrating a tale of how a woman’s pursuit of independence, her sexual identity, and self-expression leads to her solitude and eventual death. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, women weren’t expected to be anything else besides a pious wife and mother. They endured male dominance, a lack of i ndependence, and the nonexistence of their sexual freedom. Due to this sad reality, Chopin decided to write a book that confronted these ideas by portraying an unromantic marriage with a woman who challenges the expectations of females during that time. During the beginning of the novel, Edna lived passively within the cult of domesticity. She did what she was expected to do; however, the more she questioned her life, the more she realized her own desires and identity. â€Å"At a veryShow MoreRelatedKate Chopin s The Awakening935 Words   |  4 PagesKate Chopin’s â€Å"The Awakening† can arguably be considered a feminist piece, but regardless of whether it is or not, the short story unmistakably describes how life was for women in the late 1800’s. Her story is a great example of the sexist views of the time and existing social roles for each gender. The literature includes a large interplay between society and gender roles, which affected the reader’s response to the plot and other literary devices such as imagery back then and even today. ChopinRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening1553 Words   |  7 Pagesare evident throughout The Awakening by Kate Chopin. Chopin uses contrasting characters such as Edna Pontellier and Adele Ratignolle to further embody the differing aspects of feminism. Adele Ratignolle represents the ideal woman of the time period, a mindless housewife working to serve her family, whereas Edna signifies an independent and daring woman who does not conform to society’s beliefs. These two women’s differing characteristics and personalities allow Chopin to further compare and contrastRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening1497 Words   |  6 PagesEdna Proves that Society Does Not Control Her In Kate Chopin s novella, the awakening, Chopin portrays a story of how the protagonist, Edna Pontellier, undergoes a realization that she has been dumbfounded by the way society assert roles for women. Mrs. Pontellier s awakening stirs up issues in her marriage with her husband. For Mr. Pontellier does not understand why his wife is acting different as someone who does not share the values and duties that society withholds women to. Edna even fallsRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The beginning of things, of a world especially, is necessarily vague, tangled, chaotic, and exceedingly disturbing† (Chopin 67). Change: the most frightening word in the English language; it has never came quickly, never came easily, never come without casualties. Throughout history, countless revolutions have fought with blood, sweat, and tears for the acceptance of new ideas to foster change within mainstream culture. Naturally, there is always a resilient resistance to revolution, the norm thatRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening1875 Words   |  8 Pageswomen s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men.† The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, was written in 1890 during the height of the women s suffrage movement, and essentially the public felt that the author â€Å"went too far† due to â€Å"the sensuality† of the protagonist (Toth 1). The â€Å"male gatekeepers† that scrutinized her work saw her piece as a statement that â€Å"the husband is a drag†, and that traditional American values should be forgotten (Toth 1). In truth, Chopin did notRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening2531 Words   |  11 PagesDress to Impress Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening depicts sexual affairs, inner struggles, and the conquest of motherhood that most women face today. The conquest of motherhood involves the battle between being a supportive wife and selfless mother. The story revolves around the characters’ dialogue and appearances described beautifully throughout the novel by Kate Chopin. The story is a familiar one that, sadly, most women can relate to: A woman is married without knowing what true love is. HerRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening1685 Words   |  7 Pagesconforms, the inward life which questions† (Chopin 18). The Victorian Era created a clear distinguishment between male and female roles in society, where women were expected to behave feminine-like, be responsible for domestic duties and have little involvement in society. This created a heavy oppression upon females and as a result forced many of them to remain entrapped in a male dominant society, in fear of being outcasted . In the novel The Awakening, Kate Chopin depicts how Edna’s defiance of VictorianRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening1981 Words   |  8 Pagesthe 1800s The Awakening by Kate Chopin published in 1899 is a novel that can teach the true meaning of family, the importance of friendship, and the value of independence. Chopin teaches the true meaning of family by showing how Edna receives no support from her own family and struggles to succeed without them. Chopin shows the importance of friendship when Edna has no one by her side until she meets a woman named Adele and a man named Robert. The primary area that Chopin focuses on is the satisfactionRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening1198 Words   |  5 Pageswoman’s freedom is the driving force behind Kate Chopin’s contextual objections to propriety. In particular, The Awakening and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† explore the lives of women seeking marital liberation and individuality. Mrs. Chopin, who was raised in a matriarchal household, expresses her opposition to the nineteenth century patriarchal society while using her personal experiences to exemplify her fe minist views. Katherine O’Flaherty, later Kate Chopin, was born to Eliza and Thomas O’FlahertyRead MoreKate Chopin s The Awakening1870 Words   |  8 Pagessymbolizes the Marxist cause. A multitude books throughout history and the current day are representing the groundbreaking thoughts of Marxism, and they help to demonstrate how vile Capitalism truly is. In Kate Chopin’s The Awakening there lie countless subtleties of Marxism and its standards. Chopin skillfully injects the ideals into the novel through characters’ actions and behaviors. Three characters in particular represent the evils of Capitalism in the teachings of Marxist, and those characters

Scholarly Articles on Leadership Free Essays

Scholarly Articles 1 by EDD 9100 CRN 35455 Leadership Seminar Nova Southeastern University February 4, 2012 Scholarly Articles 1 According to the authors of this article (Donaldson, Marnik, Mackenzie, Ackerman, 2009), principals need to concentrate on the development of skills and behaviors in order to be successful in motivating, leading, and changing the direction of a school. The successful principal understands that there exists a fine balance of caring for others and the need to accomplish specific tasks (Donaldson, Marnik, Mackenzie, Ackerman, 2009). The following areas are targeted in this article: the need to become an effective consultant, the need to become a mediator and consensus builder, the need to become an individual that values relationships and to step back and reconnect on a regular basis to their core beliefs and values (Donaldson, Marnik, Mackenzie, Ackerman, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on Scholarly Articles on Leadership or any similar topic only for you Order Now Interwoven through all areas is the need to realize that it takes time to develop the skills needed, experience being the best teacher of what works (Donaldson, Marnik, Mackenzie, Ackerman, 2009). The underlying theme throughout the article is one of a need for open communication combined with a balanced and caring attitude towards staff. On the topic of becoming an effective consultant within their school it is pointed out that principals need to be less directive and more collaborative in their push towards improvement and the use of best practice in the classroom (Donaldson, Marnik, Mackenzie, Ackerman, 2009). It is of rimary importance that they possess the ability to listen to the stakeholders and assist in the translation of concerns into practice (Donaldson, Marnik, Mackenzie, Ackerman, 2009). In order to be able to effectively fill the role of consultant within their school principals need to possess a reasonable level of understanding of educational pedagogy and curriculum; and possess a skill set combining the ability to problem solve, actively listen, and support (Donaldson, Marnik, Mackenzie, Ackerman, 2009). In terms of becoming a mediator and consensus builder the authors detailed the need for principals to possess relational leadership skills in order to be able to both facilitate groups and coach others on staff in the ability to facilitate their own groups, and stressed that the key to this is the ability to effectively participate in conflict resolution (Donaldson, Marnik, Mackenzie, Ackerman, 2009). The authors suggested that conflict is part and parcel of school reform and that in addition to being able to deal effectively with conflict the successful principal needs to develop the ability for bringing about consensus within the group, noting that interpersonal and intrapersonal skills were as much or more important than knowledge (Donaldson, Marnik, Mackenzie, Ackerman, 2009). In the area of relationships it was noted that principals that are most effective are those that place high value on people and relationships and that when this exists as a core part of the belief system of the principal it is noticeable and is communicated to staff in both subtle and explicit ways (Donaldson, Marnik, Mackenzie, Ackerman, 2009). According to the authors this sense of value comes through in all of the dealings that the principal has with stakeholders (Donaldson, Marnik, Mackenzie, Ackerman, 2009). It shows in body language, expression, communication, tone and innumerable other subtle signals that help to set the tone of the school’s culture (Donaldson, Marnik, Mackenzie, Ackerman, 2009). Key to this being successfully implemented is for the principal to consciously think through a personal rationale that balances responsibilities and relationships (Donaldson, Marnik, Mackenzie, Ackerman, 2009). Principals need to occasionally stepping back to reconnect to their core values in order to maintain the balance needed to effectively lead (Donaldson, Marnik, Mackenzie, Ackerman, 2009). It was noted that in all areas of the development process is the need to understand that these skills and beliefs come about over time. The truly effective principal is able uses past experiences to help hone and define these skills and beliefs to bring about change, growth and effective overall leadership (Donaldson, Marnik, Mackenzie, Ackerman, 2009). The effective principal never stops learning from these day to day and year to year experiences and continues to hone and refine based upon them (Donaldson, Marnik, Mackenzie, Ackerman, 2009). In the writer’s opinion it would greatly assist in the growth, development, morale and overall job satisfaction for the organization if the current leadership of which the writer is a member, were to possess the skills and beliefs noted in the article. This would most likely require training, coaching or the reassignment or hiring of new personnel for leadership positions in order to develop the capacity to exhibit a balance between the valuing of individuals and relationships, the need to and responsibilities of the position, and the skill set of effective collaboration, mediation, and consensus building. A leadership team that operates following these principals fosters a sense of openness, consistency and fairness among stakeholders (Donaldson, Marnik, Mackenzie, Ackerman, 2009). When this exists, staff feels secure. When staff feels secure it becomes more willing to step out and suggest or embrace change for the growth, development, and betterment of the organization. References Donaldson,G. , Marnik, G. , Mackenzie, S. , Ackerman, R. (2009). What makes or breaks a principal. Educational Leadership, 67 (2), 8-14. How to cite Scholarly Articles on Leadership, Essay examples

Designing and Realizing Problematic Internet †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Designing and Realizing Problematic Internet. Answer: Introduction: Internet is the global set of networks that are interconnected by the use of Internet Protocol Suite for the purpose of linking devices present around the world. Internet acts as a wide platform for providing different informations. mostly everyone in this world uses the internet for different purposes like gaming, chatting, messaging, file sharing and many more. There is no centralized governance over the internet in technological implementations along with the policies for access and usage. Internet called also be termed as net which is a worldwide system of computer networks that is used by individuals to get information about something by the use of an electronic devices by mobile, computer, tablets and many more (Spada 2014). With the advancement in technology the internet has also developed making the lives of people much easier like instant email service instead of the conventional postal service system. Many social networking sites has also been formed like Facebook, WhatsApp , Twitter and many more which has helped in bringing people much closer. World Wide Web or WWW is one of the important feature of internet which consists of hypertext that refers to the method of cross referencing. This report mainly focuses on the way how the internet is used and the process involves looking into the background history of internet. Along with this the report also discusses about the internet working as a surveillance machine and how it works as a public sphere (Andersson and Nickolai 2014). This report as briefs about the effects of the internet which includes the undervaluing of the personal details to a ridiculous level in the social media. The discussion has been briefly discussed by the use of suitable examples. Accessing the internet is possible in a variety of ways. The hustle of going to crowded places like malls, markets has been greatly decreased due to development of online stores which makes use of the internet. Internet is not owned by a single individu al or an organisation. Internet totally depends on the physical infrastructure which helps in connecting networks to other networks Management. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)/IP (Internet Protocol) protocol is an essential feature of the internet. Internet helps in allowing the devices to send, receive, interpret and describe any type of data in an electronic form over the network. TCP is used for the purpose of breaking down of each piece of data into the form of smaller packages (Leamer, Edward and Michael 2014). Whereas, the IP is totally responsible for ensuring the travelling of data from the source to the destination by travelling through a number of routers. The devices that are connected to the network has a unique IP address which has a range from 0 to 255 and it is in the form of nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn where the n is representing the numbers which is in between the stated range. In cases if the devices are connected to the internet by the use of the Internet Service Provider or ISP then what the ISP do is it assigns the device with a temporary IP address which last as long as the dial-up session is running. And for t he devices that are connected by the LAN have a permanent IP address. Almost every computer is connected on the net doing various works (Berthon 2012). There are different types of server in the internet like the mail server which hold the peoples mail, computer holding ordinary data are called file servers and many more. The computers are referred to as clients if they make use of the servers. This can be simply explained by the use of a suitable example that is when a mail server is being connected to access the mails by the use of ISP then the computer is identified as the client whereas the ISP is referred to as the server. In the year of 1844 Samuel Morse was the first person to transmit an electronic message which initially lead to the beginning of sending messages in any part of the world within a fraction of time management. TCP/IP acts as the fundamental control system of the internet (Milinovich et al. 2014). In the world of internet, the word protocol is used which simply refers to the doing of different things in a standard way. There are two ways of moving data in the internet and this includes circuit switching and packet switching. The basic functioning of the internet can be divided into three parts and they are: Web access: This is the basic way in which we are able to see the contents in the internet. Internet can be accessed by the use phone lines or modems. These devices help the user to connect to the internet and after the connection is created the users are able to send or receive mails, browse the internet and many more (Velasco et al. 2014). Web Sites: Web Sites are the main components that we see on the internet. Different websites consist of different types of informations about different things like a business, a person and many more. Internet is an endless resource for informations (Alsmirat et al. 2017). E-commerce: E-commerce generally refers to the selling or buying of products on different websites. The sales process is totally automated in the internet. Each and every individual customer are able to see the products of the company along with different modes of selection. After selection comes the payment in which the customers are provided with a facility of online payment which is also automated (Muessig 2015). World Wide Web: World Wide Web or www is a space for the information in which identification of the documents and other web sources are done by the Uniform Resource Locators and this locater are interlinked with the hypertext links which can be easily accessed by the internet. WWW acts as the central portion for the development of the age of information. This is also the primary tool that helps in the interaction of the billions of peoples using the internet (Ionescu and Raul 2012). Webpages mainly represents the formatted text documents which are annotated with the Hypertext Markup Language or HTML. Embedded hyperlinks present in the Internet helps the users to navigate between different web pages. One of the main components in internet are the websites which are mainly made up of web pages with different or common themes or a common domain name or both of this. The main components which make up the World Wide Web are listed below: Hypertext: This are the texts which are displayed on the displays of any digital devices which are related to the different texts that can be accessed by the user immediately. Identifiers of resources: Particular resources are provided with a unique identifier so as to locate them easily on the networks and this are commonly termed as URL or URI. The client server model of computing: This is the type of system used by the client software or client computer for the purpose of making requests for the server software or a server computer so as to provide the clients with a resource or a service. Markup language: This are the characters or codes that are embedded in a text for the purpose of indicating a structure, semantic meaning or an advice to a presentation. Internet functioning as the nearest thing to a perfect surveillance machine: Along with the advancement in technology the world of communication has also changed. With the invention of new technologies like the telegraph, radio, telephone and many more has set a stage for the integration of capabilities that has been never seen before. Internet is nothing but a world-wide broadcasting mechanism used for the purpose of spreading different informations. (Marwick and Danah 2014) besides this internet also acts as a medium for communication which helps in connecting peoples without considering the geographical location of the individuals. Internet can act as a perfect surveillance machine besides that it also effects the privacy of an individual. Surveillance refers to the close observation on the activities of an individual person or a group. Relation of surveillance with the use of internet or any type of computer network by monitoring the computer activities and the data that are being stored on the hard drives of the computer. It also refers to the monitoring of the data that are being transferred over the network. It can be seen that most of the people who uses the internet are unaware of the surveillance and they do not care about it also. Almost every activity on the internet are monitored for the purpose of identifying any type of illegal activities and for this purpose many computer and network surveillance programs has been developed. Privacy can be defined in simple words as the right of someone to be left alone or free from any type of monitoring or surveillance. With independence on what someone is doing on internet there are also many risks because of the reason that internet can be accessed by anyone making internet a dangerous place (Snchez, Avner and Alissa 2012). Every user in the internet should be aware of the things they are dealing with on internet because their carelessness can cause a great amount (Madejski, Maritza and Steven 2012) of problem and can be advantageous for cyber criminals, bullies, and corrupt businesses. Most important threats related to internet privacy are: Identity thieves: This refers to the stealing of an identity of a user for the purpose of hacking. What the hackers do is they make use of all the informations of an individual thereby ruining their bank accounts and their credit ratings. Malwares: Malware or malicious softwares are those which are used for the purpose of describing any type of softwares that are responsible for the damage of a single system or a number of systems. This types of malwares includes Trojan horses, viruses, and many more. Spyware: This type of software refers to that softwares that are used for the purpose of obtaining information from the system of a user without (Wagner, Andrea and Andreas 2014) any knowledge of the user. Web bugs: This are the objects that are embedded on the webpage or email for the purpose of checking whoever is using the webpage or the email. This type of bugs is generally invisible. Phishing: This is another process of using of using the information of the user for the purpose of creating problems and to use the details in illegal activities. Internet functioning as a public sphere: The research conducted on the habits of the people using computer and internet has shown that the cultural spaces are much more easily occupied by the internet. Besides acting as a place for providing necessary informations internet also acts a place where people are able to share their ideas, opinions and many more (Bambauer and Derek 2017). Initially this public sphere will help in creating a new community on the internet. According to German sociologist Jrgen Habermas or father of public sphere described it as an arena, independent of government (even if in recite of state funds) and also enjoying autonomy from partisan economic forces, which is dedicated to rational debate (to debate or discuss which is not interest, disguised, or manipulated) and which is both accessible to entry and open to inspection by the citizenry. It is here in the public sphere, that public opinion is formed on his book named as The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Categor y of Bourgeois Society. Use of internet by people for different purposes has given rise to the question if the internet has become a public sphere or not (Kellner 2014). According to Haberman public sphere is a basic functional principle in a democratic society and mainly refers to the ideal of democratic communication. The following principles are followed by public sphere: People can take part in public debates which are free and anyone can take part in it The peoples or the participants of the debate are considered to be equal. None of the subjects or topics are excluded from the debate. The results of the public debates are dependent on the types of arguments that are made. Internet acts an important media which allows equal opportunities for every participant to share information. This makes internet an important mass medium with no limitations imposed by any other type of mass media (Huws 2013). Internet acts a much flexible medium for the purpose of fostering public discourse on a larger variety which issues that are related to the good of the common peoples. The main reason for the establishment of internet was to act as a cooperative, non-hierarchical system of communication so as to facilitate the sharing of the informations between an individual or a group of individuals (Gettys and Kathleen 2012). Along with this internet also has the capability of supporting different types of multimedia communications making it an interactive medium for almost every people. The development of internet along with its growing popularity has made people turn towards online media. Most of the contents in the internet are free of cost making it more demanding than the traditional medias (Cotten et al. 2012). During the process of getting news or any information from the internet people can also ask questions, give comments, ask questions and even can express their opinion. Along with this people can take part in debates, communicate with other peoples, making internet much more appealing to the people. All the criteria of social networking are meet (Fuchs et al. 2013). Internet and web services: Internet acts as a medium for providing of informations from different parts of the world. Internet makes the availability of various data from emails, instant chat and many more very easily. A revolution has been brought in the world of communication by the internet. Along with this internet also has a great contribution towards the sharing of information. Due to easy availability of internet in free or a very cheap rate has greatly helped in increasing (Anderson et al. 2012) the interaction between peoples. The web is mainly designed for the purpose of sharing or exchanging of unstructured informations. Besides that, people are able to read the contents present on various webpages and are able to understand their meanings but the computers are unable are do so. In cases when an organisation wants to conduct their business using the internet then it becomes mandatory for the humans to get involved in it due to the lack of understanding by the computers. Some of the important that ar e played by the web services present in the internet are listed below: In todays world a complementary and dominant role is played by the web services in building of the global information system. Being self-contained, modular application web services can be described and published along with locating it and invoking it over a network. By the use of raging from any type of simple requests to complicated business processes is performed by the web services. For the purpose of leverage, the advantages associated with the use of web as a platform for applying it in the services itself and not only for the static information the idea of web service is used. The services provided by the web are referred to as the components and the services that are offered for the purpose of using it in building of larger service applications. The making of service based architecture without the applications being locked-in to a particular software vendor product is done by the web services. A strong return is provided to the investors and it has been proven by the web services. Along with this making computer based systems to become more adaptable has been done by the web services. The web based services also brings more flexibility, productivity and low maintenance cost for the purpose of developing (Epstein 2013) the information system using integrin components from the various products of the third party vendor. Email is one of the popular applications of internet. This is an application which is used by over 90% of the internet users. Email or electronic mail is a process which involves the sharing of messages between two individuals (Livingstone, Leslie and Anke 2012) or by two organisations for the purpose of communicating. Email can be accessed by the use of the internet. Inter also acts as a medium for entertainment. People are able to watch videos, films and are also provided with the facility of listening to songs and play games (Trossen and George 2012). There are many online games which work with the help of internet and these types of games are very much eye catching for different users. Conclusion: The evolution of technology has also resulted in the development of the internet. Along with the evolution of the internet various methods have been developed by the researchers for the purpose of using the internet and using it on a worldwide basis. A great revolution has been brought by Internet in the field of the global market along with this internet the productivity of the technology is also increased in the field of communication. In addition to this internet has also effected the educational, commercial, personal and governmental fields. Along with the advantages of the internet it also has some disadvantages like the internet frauds, transmitting of the items that are illegal, and also harassments. There are certain technologies which are responsible for the advancement and plays a very important role. The advancement in the internet has dazzled the consumers and helped a lot in overcoming many challenges. Another important aspect of internet is privacy. Privacy is a very im portant factor in internet as there are various applications, services, scams and viruses that are present on the internet and are waiting for any chance of stealing of personal data. By the use of certain softwares and by taking certain measures the people can make their data safe and will be able to make it difficult for the cybercriminals to steal their data as well. internet has greatly helped in the increase of communication between businesses as well as business but it also has given rise to multiple problems. Internet has greatly helped in gaining knowledge by the students on various topics along with this internet can also be used by the individuals for the purpose of finding jobs and the employers can also use the internet to select the candidates. Use of internet by the cyber criminals is also common in todays world. Internet has favoured the growth of various social media where people are putting their personal data, their views, their prospective and many more. Internet provides a wide platform for connecting peoples from different locations irrespective of the caste religion and many more aspects. References: Alsmirat, Mohammad A., Yaser Jararweh, Islam Obaidat, and Brij B. Gupta. "Internet of surveillance: a cloud supported large-scale wireless surveillance system."The Journal of Supercomputing73, no. 3 (2017): 973-992. Anderson, Renee EE, Susan H. Spence, Caroline L. Donovan, Sonja March, Samantha Prosser, and Justin Kenardy. "Working alliance in online cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety disorders in youth: comparison with clinic delivery and its role in predicting outcome."Journal of medical Internet research14, no. 3 (2012). Andersson, Gerhard, and Nickolai Titov. "Advantages and limitations of Internet?based interventions for common mental disorders."World Psychiatry13, no. 1 (2014): 4-11. Bambauer, Jane R., and Derek E. Bambauer. "Information Libertarianism."Cal. L. Rev.105 (2017): 335. Berthon, Pierre R., Leyland F. Pitt, Kirk Plangger, and Daniel Shapiro. "Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy."Business horizons55, no. 3 (2012): 261-271. Cotten, Shelia R., George Ford, Sherry Ford, and Timothy M. Hale. "Internet use and depression among older adults."Computers in human behavior28, no. 2 (2012): 496-499. Epstein, Dmitry. "The making of institutions of information governance: the case of the Internet Governance Forum."Journal of Information Technology28, no. 2 (2013): 137-149. Fuchs, Christian, Kees Boersma, Anders Albrechtslund, and Marisol Sandoval, eds.Internet and surveillance: The challenges of Web 2.0 and social media. Vol. 16. Routledge, 2013. Gettys, Jim, and Kathleen Nichols. "Bufferbloat: dark buffers in the internet."Communications of the ACM55, no. 1 (2012): 57-65. Huws, Ursula. "Working online, living offline: Labour in the Internet age."Work organisation, labour and globalisation7, no. 1 (2013): 1-11. Ionescu, Andreea AS, and Raul Serban. "Presentation of various types of electronic business available on the Internet, Advantages, Disadvantages, Key Requirements and Security, Implementation Model of an Electronic Business."International Journal of Economic Practices and Theories2, no. 3 (2012): 179-196. Kellner, Douglas. "Habermas, the public sphere, and democracy." InRe-imagining public space, pp. 19-43. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. Leamer, Edward E., and Michael Storper. "The economic geography of the internet age." InLocation of International Business Activities, pp. 63-93. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. Livingstone, Sonia M., Leslie Haddon, and Anke Grzig, eds.Children, risk and safety on the internet. Bristol: Policy Press, 2012. Madejski, Michelle, Maritza Johnson, and Steven M. Bellovin. "A study of privacy settings errors in an online social network." InPervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PERCOM Workshops), 2012 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 340-345. IEEE, 2012. Marwick, Alice E., and Danah Boyd. "Networked privacy: How teenagers negotiate context in social media."New Media Society16, no. 7 (2014): 1051-1067. Milinovich, Gabriel J., Gail M. Williams, Archie CA Clements, and Wenbiao Hu. "Internet-based surveillance systems for monitoring emerging infectious diseases."The Lancet infectious diseases14, no. 2 (2014): 160-168. Muessig, Kathryn E., Manali Nekkanti, Jose Bauermeister, Sheana Bull, and Lisa B. Hightow-Weidman. "A systematic review of recent smartphone, Internet and Web 2.0 interventions to address the HIV continuum of care."Current HIV/AIDS Reports12, no. 1 (2015): 173-190. Snchez Abril, Patricia, Avner Levin, and Alissa Del Riego. "Blurred boundaries: Social media privacy and the twenty?first?century employee."American Business Law Journal49, no. 1 (2012): 63-124. Spada, Marcantonio M. "An overview of problematic Internet use."Addictive behaviors39, no. 1 (2014): 3-6. Trossen, Dirk, and George Parisis. "Designing and realizing an information-centric internet."IEEE Communications Magazine50, no. 7 (2012). Velasco, Edward, Tumacha Agheneza, Kerstin Denecke, Goeran Kirchner, and Tim Eckmanns. "Social media and Internet?Based data in global systems for public health surveillance: A systematic review."The Milbank Quarterly92, no. 1 (2014): 7-33. Wagner, Birgit, Andrea B. Horn, and Andreas Maercker. "Internet-based versus face-to-face cognitive-behavioral intervention for depression: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial."Journal of affective disorders152 (2014): 113-121.

Security Measures for Amazon.com

Any organization dealing with online transactions such as Amazon.com must formulate appropriate security measures to reduce the risks involved in their businesses (Huff, 2002).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Security Measures for Amazon.com specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Amazon.com must put in place appropriate security measures for its customers to trust their products and services. There are several mechanisms the company should embrace to ensure that the customers’ information, communication, and transactions are protected. The implementation of various security measures depends on the size and nature of the business undertaken by an organization. The measures help to control the accessibility of information and applications by the users. For Amazon.com to achieve maximum security in its e-business, it must ensure its IT infrastructure enhance three quality aspects, which are availability of infrast ructure, security level of the company, and security of communications. Network level securities utilize internet protocols and encryption implementations within network devices (Kulkarni Jahirabadkar, 2012). Secure communication should be embraced in e-business since transactions pass through the public internet where a large number of routers and servers are involved. Thus, Amazon.com must make use of encryption and cryptography. Cryptography ensures security of information as it is passed across intranets to extranets and finally the internet. With respect to the kind of e-business, Amazon.com engages in, the use of firewalls and content filters will enhance the security of the enterprise. Firewalls help in controlling the flow of data packets in and out of the enterprise depending on the origin and destination addresses.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The firewalls sh ould be configured and implemented properly to protect the intrusion on the enterprise network. Therefore, the firewalls and content filters should be reliable and robust to guarantee security. Another security measure that should be put in place within the enterprise is the use of anti-virus software. The software will curb email related virus, which might corrupt the information stored in the organization’s PC. The hackers make use of this virus to control the servers, databases, and personal computers, hence act as threat to the security of information in e-business. Thus, the need for proper and updated antivirus software to protect the servers and databases is vital for Amazon.com. Another security measure that should be implemented by Amazon.com to boost their security of e-business is the use of digital certificates and signatures (Kulkarni Jahirabadkar, 2012). Digital certificates help to identify and verify communications between the trading partners and the enterpr ise. It identifies the organization that owns certificates. It also shows the period for which the certificate is valid. Digital signature acts as a guarantee to the persons and enterprises that own digital certificate of the sent information. Digital signatures ensure that the information is not tampered from the time it is sent from the sender at the time it is received by the recipient. The authentication of the signatures make use of encryption and decryption keys, which ensure that exchange of critical information between the two partners is secure. To enhance security of their e-business, Amazon.com must adopt the use of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). The technology aims at reducing insecurity in the e-business using digital certificates and authorization (Kulkarni Jahirabadkar, 2012). It is important when dealing with insecurities associated with internet since e-business takes place via the public internet. PKI uses cryptographic public and private keys, which aid in the provision of confidentiality, authentication, and integrity of information and transactions.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Security Measures for Amazon.com specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The implementation of PKI security measures should clearly state the policies, regulations, software, and standards that are contained in the certification. Amazon.com should use Extensible Markup Language (XML) to achieve trust and security of transactions between buyers, sellers. XML covers the contracts and payment transactions, and it authenticates partners involved with the aid of encryption and digital signatures. XML services ensure the trust services in e-business are integrated into the applications. All these developments and mechanisms ensure that security of e-business is not compromised. References Huff, S. L. (2002). Cases in electronic commerce (2nd ed.). Boston: Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Kulkarni, P., Jahirabadkar , S. (2012). Security and Reliability for e-Business. Oxford : Oxford University Press. This report on Security Measures for Amazon.com was written and submitted by user Charley Parker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Supression in Katherin Mansfields Essay Example

Supression in Katherin Mansfields Essay Example Supression in Katherin Mansfields Essay Supression in Katherin Mansfields Essay Katherine Mansfield often presents the theme of suppression of women in her short stories. In Prelude and Bliss, she addresses the issue of women under suppression by providing insight to the reader into the minds of her characters, through the use of stream of consciousness, dialogue and other literary devices. The character of Linda in Prelude is presented to be suppressed in her marriage. She reveals to the reader in a stream of consciousness that for all her love and respect she hated him. Mansfield expresses her views on marriage in the context of her time and society in the aloe scene. Kezia observes the plant and her Mother simultaneously, allowing the reader to associate a connection between the withered cruel leaves of the plant and Lindas fatigued state. Lindas smile and half shut eyes suggest a hidden empathy with the aloe that blooms once a hundred years, echoing Lindas withdrawal from the world. The reader soon realizes that the male dominance of Stanley in her marriage has imposed a psychological suppression on her, reflected in her description of the aloe as fat, swelling, indicative of her fear of pregnancy and bearing children. Bertha Young in Bliss is also suppressed in her role as a mother. She stands like a poor little girl in front of the rich little girl with a doll before the nanny, despite having authority as lady of the house. The restraints imposed upon her in her day to day living is made apparent when she is unable to express fully her love for her daughter, loving her baby in parts from the neck as she bent to her exquisite toes instead of loving her whole. In her role as a wife, she is unable to maintain a conversation with her husband over the phone, incapable of sharing her bliss and replies to her husband with Entendu, attempting to speak in a language that is not genuinely hers. Similarly, the character of Beryl in Prelude is suppressed. She mentions her two selves in a stream of consciousness, alluding to her lack of personal identity, resulting from the suppression of being unmarried and isolated in the country. Beryl moans that I am never my real self for a moment and foresees herself as an awful frump in a year or two, reflecting her inner turmoil on being isolated and forced to only experience romance with her imaginary dark and slender young man. Ironically, Beryl is suppressed by being unmarried, while her sister Linda is suppressed by her awkwardness in her role as a mother and wife. Just as Beryl is never her real self, Bertha is never acquires her real opinion, being dependant on borrowed phrases such as Why be given a body if you have to keep it shut up in a case like a rare, rare fiddle? She compares her body to a fiddle entrapped in a case in a simile, alluding to her emotional isolation and suppression, despite convincing herself to be overcome by a feeling of bliss Her refusal to acknowledge reality is made evident when she hardly dared to look into the cold mirror, choosing to live in her ignorant blissful state over recognizing the truth. Continuing on the subject of music, Bertha declares twice that it is a pity that nobody plays the piano. Metaphorically, Berthas body is the musical instrument of the piano and fiddle, and the music she wishes to hear is in fact the intimacy between her and her husband, relating to her suppressed state within her marriage. The ideas of fear and suppression link the characters Kezia and Linda in Prelude. Kezias encounter with IT is described when she explores the empty house when the day flickered out and the night came. Suddenly she was still frightened. But IT was just behind her, waiting. Likewise, Linda encounter with THEY in her bedroom draws parallels with her daughters fear of IT, relating to Lindas fear of the bearing children and Stanleys deep desire to have a son. They were there, they knew she was frightened. The similarities between IT and THEY creates a connection between Kezia and Linda, allowing the reader to question if Kezia will learn from her mothers suppression or if she would follow and become suppressed herself in the future. The anonymity of the pronouns IT and THEY, also create a sense of oppression, both mother and daughter unable to identify clearly the source of their fears. Katherine Mansfield also presents ideas of how socially dictated patterns affect Berthas perception of Bliss, in turn suppressing her unknowingly. Mansfield satirizes the artistic middle class of her time through the portrayal of Berthas modern, thrilling friends. At the dinner party, the dialogue between the guests allows the reader to conclude that Bertha lives in a mundane society, where topics such as the dreadful experience of driving through eternity in a timeless taxi, or how tomato soup is so dreadfully eternal is often discussed. The absurd conversations between Berthas guests who she considers to be so keen on social questions and modern reflect the restraints of living in her superficial and mundane society. The abrupt ending of Bliss with the pear tree standing as lovely as ever and still compels the reader to question whether Bertha breaks free from her suppression upon realizing the emptiness of her marriage and life, reflecting Mansfields ideas that people dont always learn from their realizations. By providing her readers insight into the minds of her characters, Mansfield explores the theme of suppression of women in her short stories. By the end of her short stories Prelude and Bliss, she encourages her readers to contemplate on the nature of bliss, fear, and ultimately suppression.

Antonys Rhetorical Superiority Analysis Essay

Using Logos, Antony’s logical argument that Caesar was not ambitious made the mob begin to doubt their current suppositions that Caesar deserved death for his ambition. With the emotive appeals of Pathos, Antony used a wide variety of props, rhetorical tricks and cleverly worded lies to incense the mob against the conspirators whom had killed the apparently unambitious Caesar. Most importantly, however, Antony’s greatest ability was the way that he presented himself almost simultaneously as both a common man and the mighty noble that he was, using Ethos to its utmost effect and connecting to the mob in ways that Brutus and even Cassius could not. When Antony insisted that Brutus tell him why they had killed Caesar, his motive was not to see if their cause was justified or not. Antony’s real aims were to decipher their logical argument behind killing Caesar, in order to understand how to combat it in his upcoming monologue. He then paid close attention during Brutus’ speech, to reaffirm his knowledge of how to refute the shallow logic that Brutus unknowingly used. From these two sources, Antony was able to construct a counter-argument that was both precise and effective. Brutus had claimed, speaking for all the conspirators, that they had killed Caesar for his ambition that threatened to enslave all of Rome, leading to destitution and sadness for all. Antony knew the way to respond, however, in his â€Å"Friends, Romans, Countrymen†¦Ã¢â‚¬  speech. He stated his refrain early on: â€Å"[Caesar] was my friend, faithful and just to me; but Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man† (III. ii. 86). He would then proceed by providing factual evidence that Caesar was in fact not ambitious, and then return to his theme by stating that in spite of all the proof to the contrary, Brutus still accused Caesar. Using parallelism, and continuing to juxtapose the incontrovertibility of Caesar’s innocence to Brutus’ drastic and unnecessary actions, Antony was able to defeat the arguments of the conspirators. Despite this, Brutus had used other reasons why they had killed Caesar in his speech, which Antony did not address within his own. Wherein lies one of his greatest victories: the ability to recognize the essential, underlying argument that was the lifeline of all other logic that the conspirators used, that Caesar’s death was warranted by his ambition. Antony reasoned that if he could disprove just this one point, all the other points that the conspirators had made would be immediately invalidated, granting him a complete victory. The mob’s sudden loss of confidence in the conspirators and Caesar’s guilt would leave the crowd with a void of trust, unsure why â€Å"honorable† Brutus, Cassius, and the others would kill Caesar, if not for his ambition. Antony, anticipating this void, planned to fill it with anger and rage against his enemies, by harnessing the subtle and powerful art of Pathos. The turbulent and powerful qualities of emotion have the capacity to control its host entirely. To translate the anger he was creating from the crowd into action, Antony needed to stoke it much as one does a fire. Many times, Antony played with the emotions of the crowd, and he began by reinforcing his victory of logic. He states in his first speech, â€Å"You did all love [Caesar] once, not without cause; what cause withholds you then to mourn for him? † (III. ii. 103) Since he had already convinced his audience of Caesar’s innocence, he then makes them feel ashamed for having ever doubting the man’s obvious virtue and benevolence. He also used this rhetorical device when he subsequently states, â€Å"O judgment, thou art fled to brutish beasts, and men have lost their reason! (III. ii. 105) Through subtly lamenting that the crowd was acting without judgment, its members became earnest to rectify their mistake in listening to the conspirators. Antony knew that the crowd felt this way, and suggested to them a solution: â€Å"O masters! If I were disposed to stir your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage, I should do Brutus wrong and Cassius wrong†¦ I rather choose to wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you† (III. ii. 122). This quotation reveals another concept that Antony places upon the Romans: the concept of two distinct sides. He places himself, the crowd, and the dead Caesar upon one side, and the conspirators upon the other. The crowd then realized that the conspirators, through killing Caesar, had wronged every single one of them. Having the mob come to accept Caesar as on their side might have proven difficult for Antony, but he was able to use exceptional props to accentuate his points. His strongest prop was the body of Caesar himself, which resembled much more a â€Å"carcass fit for hounds† than a â€Å"dish fit for the gods† as Brutus, hoping for the opposite, had said earlier. Antony placed his mentor’s body in plain view of the crowd, in the humble pose that death imposes. He then describes the man in startlingly personal and human terms, bringing the crowd closer to Caesar. He tells them, â€Å"For when the noble Caesar saw [Brutus] stab, ingratitude, more strong than traitors’ arms, quite vanquished him. Then burst his mighty heart†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (III. ii. 185) Possibly the most brilliant of Antony’s portrayals, he described Caesar not as a mighty ruler, but a kind and honest man. Antony brought the moment of the assassination to the Romans, and illustrated for them how it was not the daggers that killed Caesar but the extraordinary pain of seeing his best friend among his killers. He showed them how the great Caesar took their vicious thrusts with the grace and dignity of a hero, and not with regal contempt of a dictator. The crowd could now feel what the great Caesar felt, and welcomed him as one of them as a result. Antony then revealed his final prop: the very â€Å"will† of Caesar. At the end of all his speeches, when the populace is at the point of revolt, he reads, â€Å"Here is the will, and under Caesar’s seal. To every Roman citizen he gives, to every several man, seventy-five drachmas† (III. ii. 241). Despite the fact that the will was only a figment of Antony’s boundless imagination, he did not need it to be real in order to cause the mob to riot. When the crowd beheld that the conspirators had killed a man who was their great and just leader, who cared for them all enough to give them each a large sum of money upon his death, their emotions and anger exploded into the desperate and near unstoppable desire to act. Antony knew he had succeeded with making the crowd emotional enough to kill the conspirators, as he says with a grim satisfaction, â€Å"Now let it work: Mischief, thou art afoot, take thou what course thou wilt† (III. ii. 262). This undisputed mastery of the Pathos rhetorical technique that Antony wielded gave him the advantages he needed to quickly and efficiently accomplish his ends. The right hand man of Julius Caesar had another gift as well, one that enabled him to even dare to say most of the things he did to the crowd. The gift was a deep understanding of not just what to convey to an audience, but how to convey it: Ethos. From the very first sentence he spoke to the crowd, he had already received their rapt attention and their unconditional trust. He said, simply and honestly and without condescension, â€Å"Friends, Romans, Countrymen, lend me your ears†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (III. ii. 74) In only seven-words, Antony’s genius for communication can be easily viewed. He began by placing himself and the crowd within three groups that they all belonged to, creating a sense of unity among the gathered Romans. In addition, Antony respectfully requests permission for those assembled to listen to what he had to say, making the crowd truly feel that Antony was a common Roman like them. However, Antony is able to maintain, through both how he identifies himself and the way he speaks, to command respect like a noble or emperor would. This balance that Antony strikes between modesty and arrogance allows him to speak with authority, and not appear to be giving orders even as he does so. A clear demonstration of that ability is when Antony tells the mob, â€Å"I come not, friends, to steal away your hearts; I am no orator, as Brutus is; but (as you know me all) a plain blunt man that love my friend†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (III. ii. 218) Incredibly, Antony is able to mask his immense eloquence behind some of that very eloquence, casting himself and his tremendous words as the honest and simple words of a man whom loves his friend. Through this same passage, Antony distances himself from Brutus, whom he alleges as a practiced orator and politician trying to trick the people. The crowd, when then comparing Brutus to Antony, can connect to and hence trust the word of Antony far more, allowing him to widen the range of things he could say. Employing all of these tactics and many more, Mark Antony confirms how effective the correct usage of Ethos is as a tool of manipulation. It is unequivocal that the character in William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Julius Caesar whom commanded the most extensive arsenal of manipulative weaponry, and used it to its fullest potential, was Mark Antony. With the Rhetorical Triangle of Aristotle as an evaluator, it is clear that Antony’s communicative methods blend together a seamless mix of logical, emotive, and ethical strategies. In only a few minutes, he turned the entire population of Rome against men whom had formerly had their unmitigated support. His efforts and success led to one of the most significant events in Western Civilization’s history, the collapse of the Roman Republic and the creation of the monstrous Roman Empire. Antony, in almost five minutes of incomparable excellence, accomplished all of this. His manipulative skills included the ability to, as Caesar put it, â€Å"†¦[look] quite through the deeds of men† (I. ii. 203). Ironically, virtually the only mistake that Antony made was how he trivialized his own success as fate, remarking to Octavian’s servant, â€Å"Fortune is merry, and in this mood will give us anything† (III. ii. 267). His modesty was most likely false: even fortune could not have done what he was able to.

Time for Change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Time for Change - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that one of the superlative ways to alter the behavior of leaders is to evaluate it frequently with open, honest and unidentified opinion from co-workers. Doctors find this step problematic. They have been partied to be self-governing decision fabricators and to not question their or other doctors decision. To improve self-knowledge, they have to let go of this attitude and model a new receptiveness and candidness to effort. Devoid of such an attitude, they will have mammoth blind spots that inhibit them from seeing and replicating on their own conduct and will undergo substantial stress as they fail to comprehend how they add to the problem. According to the book, The New Leadership Challenges the  type of behavior being  emulated by nursing staff is  another  factor;  the  one  thing  ignored by  most  people is  the  ability  to make choices that  humans have.  In the light, therefore, the behavior being exemp lified should be in line with the nursing code of ethics, social and cultural morals (religion included), and an individual’s personal principles. It is possible for some employees to fail to learn or simply not to adhere to some rules because they are unethical, restraining in nature or they just do not have it in them to do well and follow rules.

Critical thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Critical thinking - Essay Example affordable housing is housing where there is an intervention in the market through public subsidy† (2005, p.22).Other terms such as subsidized housing, attainable housing, and low-income housing can be used to mean affordable housing (Cowan, 2008). In recent years, the cost of property has grown more rapidly than incomes making it presently impossible for low and middle income earners to afford reasonable properties. First time buyers also form the group of people that is losing the most for lack of affordable housing (Whitfield, 2012). Due to this, some people have to search around for more affordable property in other areas. Sassi points out that â€Å"in the UK there is a deficit of between 30,000 and 45,000 affordable housing units being built each year† (2012, p.66). People working in high property value areas such as the South East and London are usually affected by the high prices of property. There is need for more affordable housing units to accommodate the needs of everyone, since even while housing benefits can reduce the burden that comes with housing for low income earners, the number of people in need of affordable housing is too big to be catered for through the housing benefits. The UK government has been investigating different approaches to increase the number of affordable housing, as well as planning on prefabricating parts and sometimes entire buildings to create room for more occupants. According to Sassi â€Å"prefabrication offers a good potential for creating energy-efficient housing by integrating higher levels of insulation in new construction systems† (2012, p.66). Prefabrication may be done on-site or off-site. However, off-site prefabrication carries more benefits over on-site fabrication since, in off-site fabrication manufacturing waste is reduced, while factory construction addresses the problem on construction skills shortage which is abound in the UK. In the United Kingdom, more than half of affordable housing is achieved

Notes on the Ethical Theories Essay Example for Free

Notes on the Ethical Theories Essay Immanuel Kant (notice that he lived in the 1700’s and people likely had different views back then), a philosopher, believes that using reason, one can make a list of ethical actions. Kant says that one must generalize the certain action he is about to do to see if it is reasonable. For example, you ask yourself â€Å"should I cut the line in the cafeteria?† The way you can answer this question is by asking yourself â€Å"What if everyone cut the line?† Of course, if that happened then there would be chaos, so you shouldn’t cut the line. This also applies to stealing, murdering, and keeping promises. He basically says that everyone is equal and you shouldn’t justify your actions to yourself because you are not special and you wouldn’t want others to do that to you. â€Å"Treat others as you would have them treat you.† Golden Rule. But, if only you do this and no one else does you are going to get eaten up by the world. This may contradict a person’s adaptability and may negatively appeal to emotion; you will feel like a B-. Veil of ignorance- You have two people who love cake. Tell one person to cut a cake in half but let the other choose which half to take. Again, Golden Rule. Kant says there is a difference between objects and people, you can replace objects but not people. Someone broke my computer, I am sad. He buys me a new one, I am happy. I am about to die, my parents are sad. They can clone me, should they be happy? He also says that you shouldn’t kill people for the greater good. But what if they were murderers or rapists aren’t they causing sadness, and their deaths would in fact be for the greater good? Kant sees that a persons intentions that count rather than the final result. But what if I am helping a person, who is bad and corrupt, against a thief who is only trying to feed his family, quite the dilemma. Kant uses only reasoning rather than emotion so that people always do what is right rather than when they feel like it. Consistency is key to his theories. Criticisms of Kant Moral Absolutism You can’t always not lie. What if a murderer wants to kill your dad? Your dad hides and then the murder breaks in and asks you were he is. If you follow Kant’s ideas, you would tell him where your dad is. There must be some sort of emotion to counteract those who do not follow the philosophy of Kant. But again, Kant is saying that EVERYONE should do this, and this murderer wouldn’t exist in Kant’s ideal world. Rule worship- To blindly follow rules without using your own knowledge. â€Å"If rules can not be bent, then they should be broken.† Conflicts of duty- should you steal the medicine for your dying wife? Should you save your grandmother from the burning house or the doctor who can save many people? Moral coldness- The world would be emotionless and sad. There will be little space for happiness because everything is going to be so constant and emotions will have a very small presence. Utilitarianism- Seek the greatest happiness for the greatest number. What if you could randomly pick 10 people to die and save 100? Would you do it? You can say yes, because it logical, you use no emotion what so ever. That goes against Kant though because he says that people have dignity and you shouldn’t take that away. You can say no, where you are mostly using emotion.

Athens-Greece Essays -- Ancient Greece Essays

Athens - Greece   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the fifth century of Ancient Greece the city-states of Athens and Sparta represented two very different forms of living. Spartans directed their time towards their military capabilities while the Athenians were interested in comfort and culture. Sparta’s and Athens’ political and environmental differences along with their different views on women caused the two city-states to be very dissimilar.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two major forms of government existed during Ancient Greece: oligarchy and democracy. The government in Sparta was controlled by an oligarchy in which the power was held by a group of five men called ephors. Working below the ephors was the Council of Elders and an Assembly. Male citizens over age sixty could serve on the Council while anyone, male or female, over the age of twenty could be a member of the Assembly.1 Though the citizens had little say in the decisions made by the government, the system worked effectively. It was the oligarchy in Sparta that put a war-like attitude as its first priority in the city-state. Every man in the army fought with a great deal of passion for his country. The beliefs of Sparta were oriented around the state. The individual lived and died for the state. The government in Athens followed a very different course than that of Sparta. Upper class male citizens over the age of thirty were the only Athenians who held any right to v ote. The democracy in Athens consiste...

Can Riots/Public Demonstration Bring Change?

Can Riots/Public Demonstrations Bring Change? A  demonstration  is an action by a group of people in favor of a  political  or other cause. It normally consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint to hear speakers. Actions such as blockades and  sit-ins  may also be referred to as demonstrations. Demonstrations can be  violent or nonviolent. Nonviolent demonstrations can turn into violent demonstrations depending on the circumstances. Demonstrations are used around the world to take a stand on issues that the public find important.Demonstrations allow a person’s voice to be heard. These demonstrations range from civil rights marches against discrimination to demonstrations supporting nuclear disarmament. Demonstrations can make a very real difference in changing policies and laws. Demonstrations allow people to come together to stand up against oppression from governments and can prove to be a very ef fective way of promoting change. A demonstration is one of many tactics which are needed to challenge existing power structures and bring progressive change.When combined with media support, public opinion, and voting power demonstration plays a crucial role in change. Demonstrations can bring change because it increases the visibility of a cause and raises awareness. Demonstrations capture the attention of bystanders, politicians, and the media, attaching an issue to real people and consequently inviting persuasion and change. A protest, regardless of size, will almost always make at least one person see the cause with new eyes. Demonstration events can take all kinds of forms. Depending on your goal, different movements can be just as powerful in promoting change as demonstrations.Whether it’s taking part in a vigil, participating in a walkout, agreeing to wear a specific color or symbol, or even getting people to turn off their lights for an hour, the message is the same: something is wrong and we’re ready to do something about it. (Head â€Å"Why Protest Events Are Not a Waste of Time) Demonstrations exhibit power. In March of 2013 schools Chief Barbara Byrd-Bennett announced she wanted to close 54 schools and 61 school buildings come June (FitzPatrick and Dudek â€Å"Protesters block downtown streets over school closings†).A large a group of people planned a demonstration over the closing of public schools. The Chicago Police officially put the crowds at 700 to 900 people, though a police department source at the scene estimated it at about 2,000 around the time the crowd began moving to City Hall (FitzPatrick and Dudek â€Å"Protesters block downtown streets over school closings†). Not only did public school officials but families and students, who are upset with the school closing, rallied together downtown in hopes to save the schools from being closed.We wanted to make a statement about our schools closing that people woul d remember and hope more people will decide to get involved (FitzPatrick and Dudek â€Å"Protesters block downtown streets over school closings†). This demonstration was held in hopes to change the view of those who are intending to close the schools. They want people to understand the need to keep the m open. A demonstration like this does not bring change immediately but hopefully over time the change will happen. There have been many demonstrations in many states to legalize gay marriage. The demonstrations did not have an immediate impact.However, over time, these demonstrations have persuaded law makers to legalize gay marriages in many states. The demonstrations in other states and in our own city have made law makers reevaluate whether gay marriage should be allowed. When large numbers of people take to the streets in protest, politicians and other key decision-makers take notice. They don't always act, but they notice. Demonstrations promote a sense of solidarity. You may or may not feel like part of the movement even if you happen to agree with it. It is one thing to support same-sex marriage in the comfort of your own home.It is another thing entirely to pick up a picket sign and support it in public to stand together with others to represent a movement. Demonstrations make the cause feel more  real  to participants. Demonstrations put warm bodies and heavy feet out there representing an issue, taking up real space and real time, attaching the cause to real faces and real voices who care enough about the cause to go out there (Head â€Å"Why Protest Events Are Not a Waste of Time). A successful demonstration energizes participants. It causes people to get excited over their cause. People feel as though their voices are being heard.Demonstrations make people feel proud and good about themselves because they took a stand on an issue. A good demonstration has an almost religious effect on people, charging their batteries and inspiring them t o get up and fight again another day (Head â€Å"Why Protest Events Are Not a Waste of Time). The religious effect is very helpful to the demonstrators giving them a reason to fight for their cause. It is very helpful for veteran activists because it gives them a second wind which is just as helpful to the cause. It is when demonstrations become violent that change does not happen.When demonstrations become violent they are know to be riots. A  riot  is a form of  civil disorder characterized often by what is thought of as disorganized groups lashing out in a sudden and intense rash of  violence against  authority, people,  or property. Riots often occur in reaction to a  grievance. Riots typically involve vandalism and the destruction of private and public property. The specific property to be targeted varies depending on the riot and the inclinations of those involved. Targets can include shops, cars, restaurants, state-owned institutions, and religious buildings.Du ring the  1992 Los Angeles, 2,383 people were injured, 8,000 were arrested, 51 were killed and over 700 businesses burned. Property damage was estimated at over 1 billion dollars. Of the 51 killed,  at least ten of them were shot by police or National Guard forces (â€Å"Riots erupt in Los Angeles†). The effects of riots in terms of economic and political consequences are as complex as the socioeconomic origins of such events (â€Å"Riots erupt in Los Angeles†). Widespread property destruction and harm to individuals are often measurable effects. Riots do not help to change any cause because of the violence and the damage that is left behind.After a riot is under control there can be many people hurt, even dead. Buildings can be burned and the damage left behind can be devastating. Riots attract attention of the media and politicians to demand a change. People riot to get there voices heard but in a violence manner that brings them negative attention. This is when their voices do not get heard. People only focus their attention on the destruction left from a riot. Riots are a type of demonstration that usually don’t cause change because of the negative attention that comes with it.Riots take away from a cause and are no way to solve a problem or fight for cause. Riots bring attention to the actions of the people not the message they were trying to get across. In conclusion demonstrations can cause change. Demonstrators may organize a protest as a way of publicly making their opinions heard in an attempt to influence public opinion or government policy. A demonstration can attract attention to a certain issue that people feel that needs to be changed or stopped. When combined with media and public opinion demonstrations can play a role in change.It brings attention to issues that people feel that need to be changed. Demonstrations can help with change overtime. Demonstrations help to keep the attention focused at the matter on hand. The media notices when a demonstration happens. The public takes notice when a demonstration happens. Politicians notice when a demonstration happens. If the demonstration is staged well, it will make somebody look at the cause with new eyes. Demonstrations are not persuasive in and of themselves, but they invite persuasion. They invite change. â€Å"Riots erupt in Los Angeles. † 2013.The History Channel website. Apr 9 2013, 12:06 ;http://www. history. com/this-day-in-history/riots-erupt-in-los-angeles. htm;. Dudek, Mitch and FitzPatrick, Lauren. â€Å"Protesters block downtown streets over school closings. † March 27, 2013. The Sun-Times website. Apr 9 2013, 12:15 ;http://www. suntimes. com/news/education/protesters-block-downtown-streets-over-school-closings. htm; Head, Tom. â€Å"Why Protest Events Are Not a Waste of Time. † 2013. The About. Com website. Apr 9 2013 1:05 ttp://www. about. com/civilliberty/od/historyprofiles/tp/Why-Protest. htm;.

The effects of low socioeconomic status

Socioeconomic position is one of the cardinal factors act uponing pupil larning results. First to understand the ground ‘s why socio economic sciences position effects pupil accomplishment, it must be foremost defined. Many researches have defined socioeconomic position in many different ways nevertheless for the intent of this paper I will be utilizing the definition by Chapman and Ryan ( 2005, pp 497-498 ) ; â€Å" In Australia socioeconomic position is measured on wealth defined by place postal reference, household wealth, personal assets and parents educational background † . However this is equivocal as it does non take into history other variables such as existent place ownership, alternate ZIP code abode, full ownership of place and assets, portion portfolios, household heritage pecuniary liquid financess and personal pick. Cary ( 2011 ) states that there are two chief grounds why socioeconomic position influences pupils outcomes. This includes both educational an d socio cultural grounds. Based on the literature this paper will analyze these factors and how they play a major function in act uponing pupils larning result in schools. Does pupil ‘s place postal reference, household wealth, personal assets and parent ‘s educational background have an consequence on pupil larning results? The reply to this inquiry is rather ill-defined. This is because we have to take into history that non all people who reside in a low socioeconomic country are working category people. For illustration some people may take to populate in a low socioeconomic country but are really in-between category households. However it does influence pupils larning because societal category and socioeconomic position are correlated. We can non state nevertheless that all pupils populating in a low socioeconomic country are of working category nevertheless the literature argues that bulk of pupils who live in low socioeconomic countries do non make every bit good in school than pupils from a higher socioeconomic country. With that in head, the first educational ground to why socioeconomic position may act upon pupil acquisition is that of support inequalities. There has been a monolithic argument as to whether increased support in schools really improves student results. The survey reported by Ryan and Watson ( 2004 ) concluded that increased authorities support for private schools have been used to better quality of larning experiences of pupils which was measured by improved pupil instructors ratios. This means that there was a immense displacement of parents directing their kids from public schools to private schools. This shows the inequality of support within authorities and private sectors. For farther scrutiny of this factor, in the 2011 Australian Education Union Schools funding entry, it discusses how support within schools have an consequence on pupil larning results. The widening spreads between schools as proven by the turning unfairness in larning results and societal isolation between schools and pupils are a direct consequence of support agreements which have conveyed increasing sums of support to private schools over the last several decennaries, with immense rushs to the wealthier private schools instead than schools with legion deprived pupils, which is largely public schools ( Australian Education Union, 2011 ) . Teacher outlook is another educational ground. Sadly many instructors in schools today lower their outlooks of pupils based on their socioeconomic position. They automatically assume that pupils who have low socioeconomic position wo n't make good in school because many are absent from school or have behavioural jobs. This can be closely linked to pupil ‘s place life. Comber ( 1997 ) argues that instructors continue to keep shortage positions of some pupils. That is, some instructors hold lower outlooks for pupils from low socio-economic backgrounds, believing that these pupils have less larning possible than their more advantaged equals, or that background factors will needfully detain their acquisition ( Ruge, 1999 ) . Teachers need to be aware about pupil ‘s backgrounds and non automatically have a stereotyped position because this can impact their instruction which will hold an consequence on pupil ‘s acquisition. There are besides socio cultural grounds as to why SES influences pupil results. The first ground is pupil ‘s place environment. Students who come from low socioeconomic backgrounds are normally said to be disadvantaged. These disadvantages are â€Å" by and large associated with factors such as low-quality life environments, mobility, household unemployment or underemployment, deficiency of entree to resources that encourage larning such as books and pre-school plans and hapless wellness and societal favoritism † ( Department of Education and Early on Childhood Development, 2006, p 1 ) . These fortunes are linked with â€Å" hapless attending, lower keeping rates, less preparedness for schooling and poorer mean results at school † ( Department of Education and Early on Childhood Development, 2006, pp 1 ) . The section of instruction and early childhood development besides talks about the grounds why pupils from low socioeconomic backgrounds frequently have less successful outcomes. One result they focus on is literacy and numeracy. Research shows that pupils who come from low SES households normally do n't make every bit good in literacy and numeracy. They may come to school less organised and come from a household who do n't needfully take much involvement in their schooling or may non hold clip due to work committednesss ( Department of Education and Early on Childhood Development, 2006 ) . Therefore all of these factors play a function in finding how good pupils do in school. Another factor which influences pupil result is parent educational background. Eagle ( 1989 ) argued that parental engagement in instruction is less frequent in households with low SES. Parental instruction has been said to hold been closely linked to pupils larning results. A low SES family may non supply kids with experiences which will assist them with verbal and written linguistic communication for illustration reading to them and besides numeracy which will help them with their acquisition ( Centre for Community Child Heath, 2002 ) . Furthermore Baker and Stevenson ( 1986 ) suggest that overall ; parents from higher socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to be involved in schooling than parents of lower socioeconomic position. A higher instruction degree of parents is positively associated with a greater inclination for them to recommend for their kids ‘s arrangement in higher instruction classs and actively pull off their kids ‘s instruction ( Baker & A ; Stevenson, 1986 ) . Whereas, parents from lower socioeconomic backgrounds face many more barriers to involvement, including work state of affairss, deficiency of resources, transit troubles, and emphasis due to populating in deprived vicinities. Besides from a socio cultural point of position mismatch between school and household can hold an consequence on pupil acquisition. This may include linguistic communication, values and certain behavior. This can by and large estrange kids and lead to take down ego regard and motive ; nevertheless this varies with each kid. Many jobs which pupils from low socioeconomic backgrounds face are normally because what the pupils learn in the schoolroom does non associate to their experiences outside of school. Students who are more privileged obtain learning attacks which come of course to them because of their normal mundane engagements. ( Department of Education and Early on Childhood Development, 2006 ) . Students from low socio-economic backgrounds frequently do n't acquire this chance. Furthermore statistics have shown that pupils from low socioeconomic backgrounds do non ever make their full potency in their acquisition. The Erebus Report conducted by the New South Wales Department of Education in 2005 comparisons findings and statistics of pupils larning results who come from a low socioeconomic background and pupils from a high socioeconomic background. One illustration they give is reading comprehension and mathematics. The findings revealed that within the same school, a pupil who comes from a higher socio-economic group will accomplish better trial consequences than a pupil from a lower socio-economic group ( NSW Department of Education and Training, 2005 ) . It besides provides comparings between both high and low SES with pupil ‘s absences from school and the survey showed that pupils with low SES had higher figure of yearss absent from school ( NSW Department of Education and Training, 2005 ) . This could besides be a ground why pupils are non making their full potency. Ainley ( 2003 ) discusses farther analyses of the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth informations in footings of the factors that impact on Equivalent Tertiary Entrance Ranks. Ainley ( 2003 ) found that the 3rd most of import influence on third entryway public presentation was pupil ‘s socioeconomic background which was measured by parental instruction, wealth and occupational position. Students, whose parents are professionals, achieve higher third entryway tonss. The other two former variables were pupil ‘s anterior public presentation and school attended nevertheless it is non hard to see that socioeconomic factors besides impact these variables ( Ainley, 2003 ) . In decision this paper has argued based on the literature that pupils from low socioeconomic are disadvantaged in facets of their acquisition due to certain factors act uponing these results. These factors include both educational and socio cultural grounds. Whereas research has shown that pupils from higher socioeconomic are inclined to make good in school because they have the appropriate financess to back up pupil larning. It is the schools duty to appreciate these state of affairss and the influences it may hold on pupils larning and pupils enthusiastic attack to stay learning and to turn to these issues consequently ( Department of Education and Early on Childhood Development, 2006 ) .Mention:Ainley, J. ( 2003 ) . Early literacy and numeracy achievement influences ENTER tonss. ACER Research Highlights, 2003, p. 8-9. Australian Education Union. ( 2011 ) . Schools Funding Review Submission. Retrieved on 20 March 2011 from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aeufederal.org.au/Publications/2011/Schoolfundreviewsub.pdf Baker, D.P. , & A ; Stevenson, D.L. ( 1986 ) . Mothers ‘ schemes for kids ‘s school accomplishment: Pull offing the passage to high school. Sociology of Education, 59, 156-166. Cary, L. ( 2011 ) . Social Class and Education. EDU231 Schools in context talk. Murdoch University. Perth: WA. Centre for Community Child Heath. ( 2002 ) . A Reappraisal of the Early Childhood Literature. Retrieved on 20 March 2011 from: hypertext transfer protocol: //fahcsia.gov.au/sa/families/pubs/early_childhood/Documents/early_childhood.pdf Chapman, B. & A ; Ryan, C. ( 2005 ) . The entree deductions of income-contingent charges for higher instruction: lessons from Australia. Economicss of Education Review 24. Science Direct. National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. ( pp.491-512 ) . Comber, B. ( 1997 ) . Literacy, poorness and schooling: Working against shortage equations. English in Australia. Department of Education and Early on Childhood Development. ( 2006 ) . Understanding the Needs of Students from Low Socio-Economic Backgrounds. Retrieved on 20 February 2011 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.education.vic.gov.au/management/schooloperations/equity/disadvantage.htm Eagle, E. ( 1989 ) . Socioeconomic position, household construction and parental engagement: the correlatives of accomplishment. ( ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED307 332 ) . NSW Department of Education and Training. ( 2005 ) . Review of the recent Literature on Socioeconomic Status and Learning. Retrieved on 20 February 2011 from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowsesschools.nsw.edu.au/resources/ErebusReport.pdf Ruge, J. ( 1999 ) . Raising outlooks: Achieving quality instruction for all. Retrieved on 31 March 2011 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowsesschools.nsw.edu.au/wcb content/uploads/psp/file/Raising_Expectations.pdf Ryan, C & A ; Watson, L. ( 2004 ) . The Drift Towards Private Schools in Australia: Understanding its characteristics. Discussion paper No. 479. Centre for Economic Policy and Research, The Australian National University.

The History and Legacy of the Free Soil Party

The History and Legacy of the Free Soil Party The Free Soil Party was an American political party that only survived through two presidential elections, in 1848 and 1852. Essentially a single issue reform party dedicated to stopping the spread of slavery to new states and territories in the West, it attracted a very dedicated following. But the party was perhaps doomed to have a fairly short life simply because it could not generate enough widespread support to grow into a permanent party. The most significant  impact of the Free Soil Party was that its unlikely presidential candidate in 1848, former president Martin Van Buren,  helped tilt the election. Van Buren attracted votes that otherwise would have gone to the Whig and Democratic candidates, and his campaign, especially in his home state of New York, had enough impact to change the outcome of the national race. Despite the party’s lack of longevity, the principles of the â€Å"Free Soilers† outlived the party itself. Those who had participated in the Free Soil party  were later involved in the founding and rise of the new Republican Party in the 1850s. Origins of the Free Soil Party The heated controversy prompted by the Wilmot Proviso in 1846 set the stage for the Free Soil Party to quickly organize and participate in presidential politics two years later. The brief amendment to a congressional spending bill related to the Mexican War would have prohibited slavery in any territory acquired by the United States from Mexico. Though the restriction never actually became law, the passage of it by the House of Representatives led to a firestorm. Southerners were enraged by what they considered an attack on their way of life. The influential senator from South Carolina, John C. Calhoun, responded by introducing a series of resolutions in the U.S. Senate stating the position of the South: that slaves were property, and the federal government could not dictate where or when citizens of the nation could take their property. In the North, the issue of whether slavery could spread westward split both major political parties, the Democrats, and the Whigs. In fact, the Whigs were said to have split into two factions, the â€Å"Conscience Whigs† who were anti-slavery, and the â€Å"Cotton Whigs,† who were not opposed to slavery. Free Soil Campaigns and Candidates With the slavery issued very much on the public mind, the issue moved into the realm of presidential politics when President James K. Polk chose not to run for a second term in 1848. The presidential field would be wide open, and the battle over whether slavery would spread westward seemed like it would be a deciding issue. The Free Soil party came about when the Democratic Party in New York State fractured when the state convention in 1847 would not endorse the Wilmot Proviso. Anti-slavery Democrats, who were termed â€Å"Barnburners,† teamed up with â€Å"Conscience Whigs† and members of the pro-abolitionist Liberty Party. In the complicated politics of New York State, the Barnburners were in a fierce battle with another faction of the Democratic Party, the Hunkers. The dispute between Barnburners and Hunkers led to a split in the Democratic Party. The anti-slavery Democrats in New York flocked to the newly created Free Soil Party and set the stage for the 1848 presidential election. The new party held conventions in two cities in New York State, Utica, and Buffalo, and adopted the slogan â€Å"Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men.† The party’s nominee for president was an unlikely choice, a former president, Martin Van Buren. His running mate was Charles Francis Adams, editor, author, and grandson of John Adams and son of John Quincy Adams. That year the Democratic Party nominated Lewis Cass of Michigan, who advocated a policy of â€Å"popular sovereignty,† in which settlers in new territories would decide by vote whether to allow slavery. The Whigs nominated Zachary Taylor, who had just become a national hero based on his service in the Mexican War. Taylor avoided the issues, saying little at all. In the general election in November 1848, the Free Soil Party received about 300,000 votes. And it was believed they took enough votes away from Cass, especially in the critical state of New York, to swing the election to Taylor. The Legacy of the Free Soil Party The Compromise of 1850 was assumed, for a time, to have settled the issue of slavery. And thus the Free Soil Party faded away. The party nominated a candidate for president in 1852, John P. Hale, a senator from New Hampshire. But Hale only received about 150,000 votes nationwide and the Free Soil Party was not a factor in the election. When the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and outbreaks of violence in Kansas, reignited the issue of slavery, many supporters of the Free Soil Party helped found the Republican Party in 1854 and 1855. The new Republican Party nominated John C. Frà ©mont for president in 1856, and adapted the old Free Soil slogan as â€Å"Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Men, and Frà ©mont.†

Synthesizing two books regarding business Essay

Synthesizing two books regarding business - Essay Example I prove not be a very good team member, may be because I am an introvert. Hence, my introversion is the basic reason why I cannot work in teams, and hence, my practical projects suffer. 2. As I already said, introversion and inability communicate well are the basic factors that make me unable to work in teams and groups. I am shy, get nervous at times, and lack leadership qualities. Collaborating with other team members and making them understand my viewpoint becomes difficult for me. When I do not convey my messages properly, they do not understand, and hence, my queries remain unsolved, due to which I do not understand a part of or many parts of the project at hand. This is how all of these factors interrelate to make me lag behind in practical work. 4. Holistic tradition persuades students to work in groups and engage in vigorous group activities to discuss and experiment with their topic while focusing on the practical illustrations. The team leader serves as a facilitator rather than an instructing boss, and this aids other team members in better communicating with the leader and with other members of the group, and in getting an improved understanding of complicated problems related to the project. To narrow down the performance gap I identified earlier, I need to learn to better communicate with peers and get to know them better along with achieving a clearer concept about the topic in hand. I need to feel empowered and make others feel the same when we are given the chance to have the classroom all by ourselves, where we can sit in whichever manner we want and engage in healthy discussions full of enthusiasm. I need to take training classes to overcome my introversion and shyness. I need to attend seminars and training ses sions regarding communication. Hence, I plan to overcome my personal flaws through sessions and classes. I also plan to do research on the internet regarding brain exercises that can help

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 16

Assignment - Essay Example According to the law, a drug dealer means a person who ships, transports, or imports or acquires purchases, possess, manufactures or introduces drug substances in that state. According to the law of Iowa, a person becomes a dealer if he or she introduces seven plus grams of a dutiable constituent except marijuana, but comprising a chargeable means, especially a blend of cannabis sativa and other taxable affluences. It also applies when a person gets into possession of forty-two and half or more of refined cannabis sativa, or of a matter consisting of or comprising cannabis sativa. A person in possession of one or more unprocessed marijuana plants becomes subject to the drug-stamp Act. Ten and above prescription components of a taxable matter that is not sold by mass (Department of Iowa Revenue Web). The following rates of tax are imposed on the dealership of marijuana. On every gram of processed marijuana, five dollars is taxed. On every metric gram of any dutiable substance, sold by mass, other than cannabis sativa, two hundred and fifty dollars fee is imposed. Seven hundred and fifty dollars is charged for every unprocessed marijuana plant. Four hundred dollars fee is imposed on every ten-dosage units that are not sold by weight or portions thereof. Tax payment is required upon possession of drugs. Any person dealing with drugs and fits in any of the above categories is required to buy drug tax stamps and affix the stamps on the drugs. To avoid self-incrimination, a person is not required by the law to divulge any personal information. However, there are some penalties imposed on dealers of marijuana. The director assesses tax, interests, and appropriate penalties based on information available. However, the following information is confidential stamp sales and inquiries, assessments, bank levy, and payments. Garnishment and lien can only be exposed to the public if the papers are forwarded to the

Connection Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Connection Project - Research Paper Example It was expected that after the implementation of these laws, education would become much more accessible to all kinds of children, even more so for children with special needs. However, even after a few decades of having the laws implemented, there were still observed shortages of teachers that specialize in educating handicapped children, as well as the presence of certain inadequacies with regards to the retention of certified teachers for special education, and as a result schools had to resort to either decreasing the services for children due to understaffing, or even allowing under-qualified or unqualified personnel to do these tasks for the benefit of giving these children their education. In order to address the problem, several factors have been identified that were observed to have been causing the shortages of special education teachers, as well as their retention within the educational institutions, and in turn solutions can be formulated so that school administrators suc h as heads or principals could undertake in order to alleviate, if not remove the issues concerning the insufficiency of teaching staff for children with special needs. It is no secret that special education is a teaching field with greater challenges than regular education, mostly because of the kind of students that are being serviced in this field. Because of the greater diversity of the needs of students in special education in comparison with regular schooling, there is also a need to employ instructors that were trained and educated specifically for each kind of disability that the school decides to serve. However, despite having these kinds of information made available for school administrators, there were still observed shortages of special education teachers, especially the qualified ones (Billingskey & McLeskey, 2004). At present there are five areas in special education identified to have the highest shortages of certified instructors: emotional/behavioral disorder; mult i-categorical disability; severe/profound disability; learning disability; and mild/moderate disability (McLeskey, Tyler & Flippin, 2003). Other instructors with fields of specialization that cover other kinds of disabilities such as mental retardation, education for the visually-impaired, and the hearing impaired were also lacking, which not only prevents the education of children with special needs but also the school’s ability to implement IDEA and NCLB properly and efficiently. Several survey results found out that the problems for such shortages were multifactorial in nature. Certain researches regarding the reasons why there were numerous shortages for qualified special education personnel, which were either tied to the schools’ policies, administrators, as well as to the personnel themselves. First of these is how schools categorize their disabled students, especially those which reported to have high numbers of students having disabilities (Greene, 2009). Due t o some administrators unable to fully understand how children are selected for special needs education or not, clashes between the special education teachers themselves and the administrators happen, for example some children that have domestic problems and thus struggled in their academics were incorrectly-labeled to be disabled when in fact these children were considerably normal when compared to handicapped children, and eventually such measures prevent the